en to hr translation catalogue (84 entries)

note: Anutan sky culture name
en: Anutan
hr: Anutanska

note: Anutan sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: Anuta is a tiny volcanic island which, though located within the Solomon Islands of Melanesia, is populated by Polynesians. Stars provide the Anutans' most important tool for long range navigation. Major guiding stars and constellations are known as 'kaavenga'. Star paths that are followed from one island to the next (even if they have not risen, or already set) are called 'kau panogna porau'. Unnamed stars which are not used as major navigational aids are called 'petuu vare' (foolish, common, or undistinguished).
hr: Anuta je maleni vulkanski otok koji je, iako smješten unutar Salomonskih otoka Melanezije, naseljen Polinezijancima. Zvijezde pružaju Anutanski najvažniji alat za dugoročnu navigaciju. Glavne zvijezde i zviježđa vodilje su poznate kao "kaavenga". Zvjezdane staze koje slijede od jednog do drugog otoka (čak i ako se nisu uzdigle ili već postavljene) nazivaju se 'kau panogna porau'. Neimenovane zvijezde koje se ne upotrebljavaju kao glavna navigacijska pomagala nazivaju se "petuu vare" (bezumne, uobičajene ili nerazlučene).

note: Anutan sky culture description section in markdown format
en: ### Nomenclature
    
    |Anutan name|English translation|Western skylore|
    |-----------|-------------------|---------------|
    |Te Tino A Manu|The Bird's Body|Sirius|
    |Te Kapakau Tonga|The East Wing|Canopus|
    |Te Kapakau Pakatokerau|The North Wing|Procyon|
    |Te Kaokao O Manu|The Bird's Armpit|Group of four small stars just east of Manu's Body|
    |Te Kope|The Bamboo|Grus|
    |Ara Toru|Path of Three|Orion's belt|
    |Te Angaanga|The Tongs|Taurus's forehead|
    |Matariki|Small Face, or Small Eyes|Pleiades|
    |Kaavei|Octopus Tentacle|Aries|
    |Taki Roto|Middle Precursor|Corner of Great Square (one large star)|
    |Taki Mua|Forward Precursor|Pegasus's front legs and Shoulder|
    |Toki|Adze|Delphinus|
    |Te Aamonga|The Carrying Stick|Three stars in Aquila in a straight line|
    |Te Paka Poi Ika Tapu|Sammara Squirrelfish|Four large stars in Sagittarius|
    |Te Rua Tangata|Double Man|Alpha and Beta Centauri|
    |Te Rakau Tapu|The Net, or The Sacred Timber|Southern Cross|
    |Taro|Taro plant|Scorpius, Antares is Te Kau (the stem). Five star around Antares is Ona Rau (its leaves)|
    |Te Tukaniva|&mdash;|Milky way|
    |Te Ao Rere|The Running Cloud|Large Magellanic Cloud|
    |Te Ao Toka|The Restrained Cloud (?)|Small Magellanic Cloud|
    |Te Petuu Ao|The Morning Star|Venus|
    |Tiuriuri|The Morning Star(?)|Venus(?)|
hr: ### Nomenklatura
    
    |Anutanski naziv|Prijevod|Zapadno zvjezdoznanstvo|
    |---------------|--------|-----------------------|
    |Te Tino A Manu|Ptičje Tijelo|Sirius|
    |Te Kapakau Tonga|Istočno Krilo|Canopus|
    |Te Kapakau Pakatokerau|Sjeverno Krilo|Procyon|
    |Te Kaokao O Manu|Ptičji Pazuh|Grupa od četiri manje zvijezde istočno od tijela Manua|
    |Te Kope|Bambus|Ždral|
    |Ara Toru|Staza Trojice|Orionov pojas|
    |Te Angaanga|The Tongs|Bikovo Čelo|
    |Matariki|Malo Lice, ili Male Oči|Plejade|
    |Kaavei|Krak Hobotnice|Aries|
    |Taki Roto|Srednji Prethodnik|Kut Velikog Kvadrata (jedna velika zvijezda)|
    |Taki Mua|Prednji Prethodnik|Pegazove prednje noge i Rame|
    |Toki|Adze|Delphinus|
    |Te Aamonga|Štap Za Nošenje|Tri zvijezde u Orlu u ravnoj liniji|
    |Te Paka Poi Ika Tapu|Riba Sammara|Četiri sjajne zvijezde u Strijelcu|
    |Te Rua Tangata|Dupli Čovjek|Alfa i Beta Centauri|
    |Te Rakau Tapu|Mreža, ili Sveto Drvo|Južni Križ|
    |Taro|Biljka Taro|Škorpion, Antares je Te Kau (stabljika). Pet zvijezda oko Antaresa su Ona Rau (njeni listovi)|
    |Te Tukaniva|&mdash;|Mliječna staza|
    |Te Ao Rere|Oblak koji teče|Veliki Magellanov oblak|
    |Te Ao Toka|The Restrained Cloud (?)|Mali Magellanov oblak|
    |Te Petuu Ao|Jutarnja zvijezda|Venera|
    |Tiuriuri|Jutarnja zvijezda (?)|Venera (?)|

note: Anutan sky culture authors section in markdown format
en: This sky culture was contributed to Stellarium by *Dan Smale*, smaledaniel(at)outlook.com
hr: Ovu kulturu zviježđa za Stellarium uredio je *Dan Smale*, smaledaniel(at)outlook.com

note: Armintxe Cave sky culture name
en: Armintxe Cave
hr: Špilja Armintxe

note: Aztec sky culture name
en: Aztec
hr: Astečka

note: Babylonian (MUL.APIN) sky culture name
en: Babylonian (MUL.APIN)
hr: Babilonska (MUL.APIN)

note: Babylonian (Seleucid) sky culture name
en: Babylonian (Seleucid)
hr: Babilonska (Seleukidi)

note: Belarusian sky culture name
en: Belarusian
hr: Bjeloruska

note: Belarusian sky culture references section in markdown format
en:  - [#1]: [Belarussian Folk Astronomy](http://aviti.livejournal.com) The author's website, in Belarusian.
     - [#2]: Авілін Ц. «Паміж небам і зямлёй. Этнаастраномія», Менск, Тэхналёґія, 2015. ISBN 978-985-458-261-0.
     - [#3]: [Belarusian Ethnoastronomy.](https://www.academia.edu/6901765/Belarusian_Ethnoastronomy)
     - [#4]: [Ethnoastronomical aspect of traditional belarusian fitonimicon: problem statement.](https://www.academia.edu/8787640/Ethnoastronomical_aspect_of_traditional_belarusian_fitonimicon_problem_statement)
     - [#5]: [Meteor Beliefs Project: East European meteor folk-beliefs.](https://www.academia.edu/1586711/Meteor_Beliefs_Project_East_European_meteor_folk-beliefs)
     - [#6]: [Meteor Beliefs Project Belarussian meteor folk-beliefs.](https://www.academia.edu/1586808/Meteor_Beliefs_Project_Belarussian_meteor_folk-beliefs)
     - [#7]: [Astronyms in Belarussian folk beliefs.](https://www.academia.edu/1586571/Astronyms_in_Belarussian_folk_beliefs)
hr:  - [#1]: [Bjeloruska pučka astronomija](http://aviti.livejournal.com) stranica autora, na bjeloruskom jeziku.
     - [#2]: Авілін Ц. «Паміж небам і зямлёй. Этнаастраномія», Менск, Тэхналёґія, 2015. ISBN 978-985-458-261-0.
     - [#3]: [Bjeloruska etnoastronomija.](https://www.academia.edu/6901765/Belarusian_Ethnoastronomy)
     - [#4]: [Etnoastronomski aspekt tradicionalnog bjeloruskog fitonimikona](https://www.academia.edu/8787640/Ethnoastronomical_aspect_of_traditional_belarusian_fitonimicon_problem_statement)
     - [#5]: [Meteor Beliefs Project: East European meteor folk-beliefs.](https://www.academia.edu/1586711/Meteor_Beliefs_Project_East_European_meteor_folk-beliefs)
     - [#6]: [Meteor Beliefs Project Belarussian meteor folk-beliefs.](https://www.academia.edu/1586808/Meteor_Beliefs_Project_Belarussian_meteor_folk-beliefs)
     - [#7]: [Astronyms in Belarussian folk beliefs.](https://www.academia.edu/1586571/Astronyms_in_Belarussian_folk_beliefs)

note: Belarusian sky culture authors section in markdown format
en: The creation of this sky culture for Stellarium was suggested by Alexander Wolf to Johan Meuris, based on the article **Astronyms in Belarussian Folk Beliefs** by Tsimafei Avilin, published in the peer-reviewed journal Archaeologia Baltica.
    
    Illustrations by Johan Meuris.
hr: Alexander Wolf predložio je stvaranje ove kulture zviježđa za Stellarium Johanu Meurisu, na temelju članka **Astronyms in Belarussian Folk Beliefs** autora Tsimafei Avilin-a, objavljenog u recenziranom časopisu Archaeologia Baltica.
    
    Autor ilustracija je Johan Meuris.

note: Boorong sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: One hundred and forty years ago, a Boorong family at Lake Tyrrell (North-Western Victoria, Australia) told William Stanbridge something of their stories relating to the night sky. Some forty stars, constellations and other celestial phenomena were named and located. He wrote them down and related this information to the Philosophical Institute in Melbourne in 1857. In his paper he wrote down the Aboriginal term and gave its European equivalent. What John Morieson has done is look closely at these celestial phenomena, attempt to satisfactorily identity them and to imitate the way the Boorong people may have seen them. John's interpretation was used to create the constellation figures in Stellarium.
    
    The Boorong were very much acquainted with the night sky, and William Stanbridge wrote in 1857 that they &quot;Pride themselves upon knowing more of Astronomy than any other tribe&quot;.
hr: Prije sto četrdeset godina, Boorong obitelj s Jezera Tyrrel (Sjeverozapadna Victoria, Australija) ispričala je William Stanbridge-u nešto od svojih priča povezanih s noćnim nebom. Nekih četrdesetak zvijezda, zviježđa i ostalih nebeskih pojava bile su imenovane i pozicionirane. Zapisao ih je i 1857. godine proslijedio ove informacije Filozofskom Institutu u Melbourne-u . U svom je radu zapisao nazive Aboridžina i dao im europske ekvivalente. John Morieson je detaljno pregledao ove nebeske pojave i pokušaoih identificirati i prikazati na što izvorniji način, način na koji ih je vidio Boorong narod. Njegova je interpretacija korištena prilikom stvaranja oblika zviježđa u Stellariumu.
    
    Boorong pleme je bilo vrlo dobro upoznato s noćnim nebom, a William Stanbridge je 1857. godine napisao &quot;da se ponose time što znaju više o astronomiji nego bilo koje drugo pleme&quot;.

note: Boorong sky culture description section in markdown format
en: ### Constellations and other celestial objects
    
    |Name|Explanation|Celestial Clue|
    |----|-----------|--------------|
    |<notr>Berm-berm-gle</notr>|Red-kneed dotterel|Alpha and Beta Centauri|
    |<notr>Boorong</notr>|Night; small mallee; starry firmament|Starry firmament at night|
    |<notr>Bunya</notr>|Ring-tail possum|Top star in Southern Cross|
    |<notr>Chargee Gnowee</notr>|Elder sister, sister of the sun|Venus|
    |<notr>Bittur</notr>|Larvae of the woodant|&mdash;|
    |<notr>Collenbitchick</notr>|Species of ant|Double star in head of Capricornus|
    |<notr>Collowgulloric War</notr>|Female crow, wife of War|Eta Carinae|
    |<notr>Colowgulloric Warepil</notr>|Female eagle, wife of Warepil|Rigel In Orion|
    |<notr>Djuit</notr>|Red-rumped parrot|Antares|
    |<notr>Gellarlec</notr>|Pink cockatoo|Aldebaran|
    |<notr>Ginabongbearp</notr>|Sulphur-crested white cockatoo; pulling up daylight|Jupiter|
    |<notr>Gnowee</notr>|Day; Sun|Sun|
    |<notr>Karik Karik</notr>|Spear thrower; Australian Kestrel|Two stars at end of Scorpius|
    |<notr>Kourt-chin</notr>|Male and female brolga|Clouds of Magellan|
    |<notr>Kulkanbulla</notr>|Two teenage boys|Belt and Scabbard of Orion|
    |<notr>Lamankurrk</notr>|Girls, young women|Pleiades|
    |<notr>Marpeankurrk</notr>|Meat ant; treecreeper|Arcturus|
    |<notr>Millee</notr>|Murray River|Part of the Milky Way|
    |<notr>Mindi</notr>|The maned snake|Part of the Milky Way|
    |<notr>Mityan</notr>|Quoll|Moon|
    |<notr>Neilloan</notr>|Mallee fowl|Lyra|
    |<notr>Nurrumbunguttias</notr>|Old man, black faced mallee kangaroo|White aura of the Milky Way|
    |<notr>Otchocut</notr>|Great fish|Delphinus|
    |<notr>Porkelong toute</notr>|Loss of tooth|Shooting star|
    |<notr>Pupperimbul</notr>|Diamond firetail finch or shy hylacola|Carried the emu egg to become the Sun|
    |<notr>Purra</notr>|Red kangaroo|Capella|
    |<notr>Tchingal</notr>|The tall one; emu|Dark space near Cross|
    |<notr>Totyarguil</notr>|Purple crowned lorikeet|Altair|
    |<notr>Tourchingboiongerra</notr>|Needlewood hakea and willie wagtails|Coma Berenices|
    |<notr>Tourte</notr>|Star|Any star|
    |<notr>Tyrille</notr>|Space; night sky|Space; night sky|
    |<notr>Unurgunite</notr>|Jacky lizard|Sigma Canis Majoris|
    |<notr>Wanjel</notr>|Long-necked tortoise|Pollux|
    |<notr>War</notr>|Crow|Canopus|
    |<notr>Warepil</notr>|Wedge tailed eagle|Sirius|
    |<notr>Warring</notr>|Galaxy|Milky Way|
    |<notr>Weetkurrk</notr>|Singing bushlark|Star in Bootes west of Arcturus|
    |<notr>Won</notr>|Boomerang|Corona Australis|
    |<notr>Yerredetkurrk</notr>|Owlet nightjar|Achernar|
    |<notr>Yurree</notr>|Fan-tailed cockatoo|Castor|
hr: ### Zviježđa i ostali nebeski objekti
    
    |Naziv|Objašnjenje|Nebeski trag|
    |-----|-----------|------------|
    |Berm-berm-gle|Pijukavac s crvenim koljenima|Alfa i Beta Centauri|
    |Boorong|Noć; maleni mallee eukaliptus; zvjezdani svod|Zvjezdani svod noću|
    |Bunya|Oposum s prstenastim repom|Gornja zvijezda Južnog Križa|
    |Chargee Gnowee|Starija sestra, sestra sunca|Venera|
    |Bittur|larve ili ličinke koje se hrane drvetom|&mdash;|
    |Collenbitchick|Vrste mrava|Dvojna zvijezda u glavi Jarca|
    |Collowgulloric War|Ženka vrane, žena War-a|Eta Carinae|
    |Colowgulloric Warepil|Ženka orla, žena Warepil-a|Rigel u Orionu|
    |Djuit|Papagaj crvene stražnjice|Antares|
    |Gellarlec|Ružičasti kakadu|Aldebarana|
    |Ginabongbearp|Žuto kukmasti kakadu|Jupiter|
    |Gnowee|Dan; Sunce|Sunce|
    |Karik Karik|Bacač koplja; Australska vjetruša|Dvije zvijezda na kraju Škorpiona|
    |Kourt-chin|Mužjak i ženka Australskog ždrala|Magellanovi oblaci|
    |Kulkanbulla|Dva Tinejđera|Pojas i korice mača Oriona|
    |Lamankurrk|Djevojke, mlade žene|Plejade|
    |Marpeankurrk|Vrsta mrava|Arcturus|
    |Millee|Rijeka Murray|Dio Mliječne Staze|
    |Mindi|Vrsta zmije|Dio Mliječne Staze|
    |Mityan|Bijelopjegavi kunaš|Mjesec|
    |Neilloan|Pjegava kokošina|Lyra|
    |Nurrumbunguttias|Starac, vrsta klokana s crnim licem|Bijela aura Mliječne Staze|
    |Otchocut|Velika riba|Delphinus|
    |Porkelong toute|Gubitak zuba|Zvijezda padalica|
    |Pupperimbul|autohtona ptica Australije|Nosila je jaje emua da postane Sunce|
    |Purra|Crveni klokan|Capella|
    |Tchingal|Onaj visoki, emu|Tamni prostor blizu Križa|
    |Totyarguil|Australska vrsta papige|Altair|
    |Tourchingboiongerra|Crno-bijela lepezašica i grm u kojem prebiva|Berenikina kosa|
    |Tourte|Zvijezda|Bilo koja zvijezda|
    |Tyrille|Svemir, noćno nebo|Svemir, noćno nebo|
    |Unurgunite|australski gušter|Sigma Canis Majoris|
    |Wanjel|Dugovrata kornjača|Pollux|
    |War|Vrana|Canopus|
    |Warepil|Orao klinastog repa|Sirius|
    |Warring|Galaksija|Mlječna staza|
    |Weetkurrk|vrsta australske ptice|Zvijezda u Volaru zapadno od Arcturusa|
    |Won|Bumerang|Corona Australis|
    |Yerredetkurrk|vrsta australske ptice|Achernar|
    |Yurree|Kakadu širokog repa|Castor|

note: Boorong sky culture authors section in markdown format
en: This sky culture was contributed by *[John Morieson](http://www.johnmorieson.com)* and *[Alex Cherney](http://www.terrastro.com)*.
hr: Ovu kulturu zviježđa su stvorili *[John Morieson](http://www.johnmorieson.com)* i *[Alex Cherney](http://www.terrastro.com)*.

note: Chinese sky culture name
en: Chinese
hr: Kineska tradicionalna

note: Chinese Song Dynasty Sky sky culture authors section in markdown format
en: This sky culture was contributed by Stellarium user *Sun Shuwei* (孙殳玮) . [sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com](mailto:sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com)
hr: Kulturu zviježđa u Stellarium je pridonio korisnik *Sun Shuwei*(孙殳玮) . [sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com](mailto:sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com).

note: Egyptian sky culture name
en: Egyptian
hr: Egipatska

note: Egyptian sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: Late Egyptian astronomy/astrology follows that of Greco/Roman culture. The belief that the stars could influence human destiny does not appear to have reached Egypt until the Ptolemaic period. The temple of Hathor at Denderah dates from Ptolemaic times, probably the first century BCE, and has a wonderful illustration of the sky that illustrates this point.
hr: Kasna egipatska astronomija/astrologija slijedi grčko/rimsku kulturu. Čini se da vjerovanje kako zvijezde mogu utjecati na ljudsku sudbinu nije stiglo do Egipta sve do Ptolomejevog doba. Hram u Denderi posvećen božici Hatori datira iz Ptolomejevog doba, najvjerojatnije iz prvog stoljeća pr.Kr., te sadrži prekrasne ilustracije neba koje ukazuju na takvu pretpostavku.

note: Egyptian sky culture description section in markdown format
en: However there were differences in names. For example, Cancer the Crab is represented by the Scarab Beetle. The figure of the Lion near the Scales (which is not the zodiacal Lion) is the constellation Centaurus [#1].
    
    Earlier constellations are more problematic, but some indications exist that some modern zodiac signs are very ancient indeed [#2], although the constellations did change significantly over time [#3].
    
    The Egyptians recognized five planets and called them the "stars that knew no rest". Their movement across the heavens reminded the Egyptians of the five gods sailing across the sky in their solar barque (boat). The planet now known as Jupiter was called "Horus Who Limits the Two Lands"; Mars was "Horus of the Horizon"; Mercury was "Sebegu", associated with Set; Saturn was "Horus the Bull of the Sky"; and Venus was "the God of the Morning" [#7].
hr: Međutim postojale su razlike u nazivima. Primjerice, Rak je predstavljen kao Skarabej kukac a zviježđe Kentaur u blizini Vage predstavljeno je kao Lav (nije se odnosilo na današnji zodijački Lav) [#1].
    
    Ranija zviježđa bila su više problematična, no postoje indikacije da su neki moderni znakovi zodijaka zaista drevni [#2], iako su se sama zviježđa značajno promijenila kroz vrijeme [#3].
    
    Egipćani su poznavali pet planeta i nazivali ih "zvijezdama koje ne znaju za odmor". Njihovo nebesko kretanje podsjećalo ih je na pet bogova koji jedre preko neba u svojoj Sunčevoj barci (brodu). Planet danas poznat kao Jupiter nazivao se "Horus koji dijeli Dvije Zemlje"; Mars "Horus Horizonta"; Merkur je bio "Sebegu", povezan sa Setom; Saturn "Horus Nebeski Bik"; i Venera kao "Jutarnja Božica"[#7].

note: Egyptian sky culture references section in markdown format
en:  - [#1]: Gary D. Thompson. *Ancient Zodiacs, Star Names, and Constellations: Essays and Annotated Bibliographies*. Section 11: *Episodic survey of the history of the Occidental/Oriental constellations, and significant investigators.* [Illustration 17: *Mithraic uranography*](http://members.westnet.com.au/Gary-David-Thompson/page11-17.html).
     - [#2]: [Three archaic Egyptian constellations used as seasonal markers?](http://www.catchpenny.org/thoth/3arch.htm)
     - [#3]: Gary D. Thompson. *Ancient Zodiacs, Star Names, and Constellations: Essays and Annotated Bibliographies*. Section 11: *Episodic survey of the history of the Occidental/Oriental constellations, and significant investigators.* [Illustration 15: *Farnese celestial globe*](http://members.westnet.com.au/Gary-David-Thompson/page11-15.html).
     - [#4]: [http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/diglib/science/cultural_astronomy/cultures_egypt-2.html](http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/diglib/science/cultural_astronomy/cultures_egypt-2.html)
     - [#5]: [http://www.egyptologyonline.com/astronomy.htm](http://www.egyptologyonline.com/astronomy.htm)
     - [#6]: [http://www.starteachastronomy.com/egyptian.html](http://www.starteachastronomy.com/egyptian.html)
     - [#7]: <notr>Pat Remler: Egyptian mythology A to Z / 3rd ed., 2010, Chelsea House, ISBN 978-1-60413-926-6</notr>
hr:  - [#1]: Gary D. Thompson. *Ancient Zodiacs, Star Names, and Constellations: Essays and Annotated Bibliographies*. Section 11: *Episodic survey of the history of the Occidental/Oriental constellations, and significant investigators.* [Illustration 17: *Mithraic uranography*](http://members.westnet.com.au/Gary-David-Thompson/page11-17.html).
     - [#2]: [Three archaic Egyptian constellations used as seasonal markers?](http://www.catchpenny.org/thoth/3arch.htm)
     - [#3]: Gary D. Thompson. *Ancient Zodiacs, Star Names, and Constellations: Essays and Annotated Bibliographies*. Section 11: *Episodic survey of the history of the Occidental/Oriental constellations, and significant investigators.* [Illustration 15: *Farnese celestial globe*](http://members.westnet.com.au/Gary-David-Thompson/page11-15.html).
     - [#4]: [http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/diglib/science/cultural_astronomy/cultures_egypt-2.html](http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/diglib/science/cultural_astronomy/cultures_egypt-2.html)
     - [#5]: [http://www.egyptologyonline.com/astronomy.htm](http://www.egyptologyonline.com/astronomy.htm)
     - [#6]: [http://www.starteachastronomy.com/egyptian.html](http://www.starteachastronomy.com/egyptian.html)
     - [#7]: Pat Remler: Egyptian mythology A to Z / 3rd ed., 2010, Chelsea House, ISBN 978-1-60413-926-6

note: Egyptian sky culture authors section in markdown format
en: This sky culture was contributed by *Karrie Berglund* of Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. based on the paper "A Map of the Ancient Egyptian Firmament” by Juan Antonio Belmonte.
    
    This sky culture was updated by misibacsi (names of planets)
hr: Doprinos ove kulture zviježđa ide *Karrie Berglund* iz Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. i temelji se na radu "A Map of the Ancient Egyptian Firmament” Juan Antonio Belmontea.
    
    Ažuriranje kulture zviježđa (imena planeta) izvršeno je od strane misibacsi-ja.

note: Greek (Almagest) sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: <p>This ancient Greek sky culture is compiled in a book that is today known by its Arabic title "Almagest".
    This book was written in Roman time (under the reign of Roman emperor Hadrian) at Alexandria (Africa) in
    Greek language, with dates given in Egyptian month names and years counted after a Babylonian king,
    so it is clearly a multi-cultural compendium of knowledge. It is a compilation of
    astronomical knowledge of former astronomers including results from
    observations and mathematical astronomy. Pieced together by Claudius
    Ptolemy, using older, as well as his own, observations, it was written
    in Greek, published in the Second Century and remained the main
    astronomical work for the following 1500 years. It was originally written
    with the title <i>Mathematike Syntaxis</i>, in Ancient Greek.
    The name <i>Almagest</i>, meaning &ldquo;The Largest [Book]&rdquo;, was
    developed from Arabian translations. To create this sky culture we used
    the English translation by Toomer (1984), reworked it in some details
    (e.g. using more literal translations from Greek instead of Latin terms that
    are common today) and we made use of computer readable tables prepared
    by Ernie Wright.</p>
hr: <p>This ancient Greek sky culture is compiled in a book that is today known by
    its Arabic title "Almagest".  This book was written in Roman time (under the
    reign of Roman emperor Hadrian) at Alexandria (Africa) in Greek language,
    with dates given in Egyptian month names and years counted after a
    Babylonian king, so it is clearly a multi-cultural compendium of
    knowledge. It is a compilation of astronomical knowledge of former
    astronomers including results from observations and mathematical
    astronomy. Pieced together by Claudius Ptolemy, using older, as well as his
    own, observations, it was written in Greek, published in the Second Century
    and remained the main astronomical work for the following 1500 years. It was
    originally written with the title <i>Mathematike Syntaxis</i>, in Ancient
    Greek.  The name <i>Almagest</i>, meaning &ldquo;The Largest [Book]&rdquo;,
    was developed from Arabian translations. To create this sky culture we used
    the English translation by Toomer (1984), reworked it in some details
    (e.g. using more literal translations from Greek instead of Latin terms that
    are common today) and we made use of computer readable tables prepared by
    Ernie Wright.</p>

note: Greek (Almagest) sky culture authors section in markdown format
en: This sky culture was compiled and added to Stellarium by Alina Schmidt, Lea Jabschinski, Marie von Seggern and Susanne M. Hoffmann: service@uhura-uraniae.com
    
    Written in English: the authors
hr: Kulturu zviježđa su sastavile i dodale u Stellarium Alina Schmidt, Lea
    Jabschinski, Marie von Seggern i Susanne M. Hoffmann:
    service@uhura-uraniae.com
    
    Written in English: the authors

note: Hawaiian Starlines sky culture name
en: Hawaiian Starlines
hr: Havajske linije zvijezda

note: Hawaiian Starlines sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: These are the star lines developed by Nainoa Thompson and used by the Polynesian Voyaging Society to navigate Polynesian sailing canoes using traditional techniques of non instrument navigation across thousands of miles of open ocean. For years, Hawaiian navigators have memorized the position of stars as they rise and set in order to know oneʻs bearing.   Wayfinder Nainoa Thompson developed a system of organization to help memorize the position of stars throughout the celestial sphere by dividing the sky into four evenly sized star lines.
hr: Nainoa Thompson razvio je ove zvjezdane linije a Polinezijsko društvoza plovidbu koristilo ih je za navigaciju polinezijskih jedrilica koristeći tradicionalne tehnike plovidbe kroz tisuće kilometara otvorenog oceana bez korištenja instrumenata. Godinama su havajski mornari pamtili položaj zvijezda prilikom izlaska i zalaska kako bi utvrđivali svoj smjer . Nainoa Thompson razvio je sustav organizacije koji bi pomagao pri pamćenju položaja zvijezda na nebeskoj sferi podijelivši nebo na četiri zvjezdane linije jednakih veličina.

note: Hawaiian Starlines sky culture authors section in markdown format
en:  The *master navigator* behind this sky culture was Mau Piailug of Satawal, who taught the Polynesian art of celestial navigation to Nainoa Thompson, who developed this version of the sky culture that was used from 2013-17 by Hawaiians to sail around the world during the Malama Honua Voyage of Hokule’a, the Polynesian voyaging canoe. Stellarium has been used as a tool by the navigators of Hokule’a and this sky culture serves as a tool for practicing Polynesian navigation.
    
    The technical implementation of the sky culture included here was contributed in 2017 by teachers Darren Kamalu and Christopher Blake, Students Jonah Apo, Nicholas Koanui, Brenden Aila and the Celestial Navigation class at Kamehameha Schools Kapalama, Honolulu, Hawai’i. Artwork by Kealoha Kaneakua.
hr:  *Iskusni navigator* u pozadini ove kulture zviježda je Mau Piailug iz Satawala, koji je prenio svoje znanje o zvjezdanoj navigaciji Nainoa Thompsonu, koji je razvio ovu kulturu zviježđa. U periodu 2013-17. koristili su je Havajci kako bi oplovili svijet tijekom Malama Honua Voyage of Hokule’a, u polinezijskom kanuu. Stellarium je bio korišten kao alat Hokule’a a i danas služi kao alat prilikom uvježbavanja polinezijske navigacije.
    
    Tehničku implementaciju kulture zviježđa odradili su 2017. godine učitelji Darren Kamalu i Christopher Blake, studenti Jonah Apo, Nicholas Koanui, Brenden Aila i razred zvjezdane navigacije u Kamehameha Schools Kapalama, Honolulu, Havaji.

note: Indian Vedic sky culture name
en: Indian Vedic
hr: Indijsko Vedska

note: Indian Vedic sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: Vedic sky culture with some commonly known constellations related to Nakṣatra-s.
hr: Vedska kultura zviježđa s nekim od poznatijih zviježđa povezanih s Nakṣatrama.

note: Inuit sky culture name
en: Inuit
hr: Inuiti

note: Inuit sky culture authors section in markdown format
en: This sky culture was contributed by *Karrie Berglund* of Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. based primarily on the book [#1].
    
    Illustrations are done by Johan Meuris.
hr: Kulturu zviježđa razvila je *Karrie Berglund* iz Digitalis Education Solutions, Inc. primarno temeljeći na knjizi **Arktičko nebo: Astronomija, zvjezdoznanstvo i legende Inuita**[#1] autora John MacDonalda.
    
    Illustrations are done by Johan Meuris.

note: Japanese Yasui Map sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: Most astronomical observation in the Japan until the Meiji Restoration was closely tied to astrological purposes. For ancient Chinese and later Korean and Japanese cartographers four seasons and four cardinal directions is marked as four talismanic animals - the Azure Dragon of the East (Spring), the Red Bird of the South (Summer), the White Tiger of the West (Fall), and the "Genbu" (Black Tortoise) of the North (Winter). Corresponding to each of the talismanic animals the celestial "palaces" were seven *sei shuku* or what are sometimes called "lunar lodges". The moon "stations" or "lodges" probably may be used to determine position of sun and planets as well as the moon, and their number may or may not have been related to the period of the moon's orbit. Origins of these associations are obscure and even controversial.
hr: Većina astronomskih promatranja u Japanu do Meijeve revolucije bila je usko vezana za astrološke svrhe. Za drevne kineske a kasnije korejske i japanske kartografe četiri su doba i strane svijeta označene kao četiri talismanske životinje - Azurni zmaj Istoka (proljeće), Crvena ptica Juga (ljeto), Bijeli tigar Zapada (Jesen ), i "Genbu" (crna kornjača) sjevera (zima). U skladu s svakom od talismanskih životinja, nebeske su „palače“ bile sedam *sei shuku* ili kako su se ponekad nazivale - "lunarne kuće". Moguće je da su seMjesečeve "stanice" ili "kuće" koristile prilikom određivanja položaja Sunca i planeta kao i Mjeseca, a njihov broj može ili ne mora biti povezan s razdobljem mjesečeve orbite. Podrijetlo ovih poveznica je nejasno, pa čak i kontroverzno.

note: Japanese Yasui Map sky culture description section in markdown format
en: Determination of the talismanic animals and associated star "palaces" together with the associated 28 *sei shuku* or lunar lodges represent some of the most complex aspects of Asian "astronomy". An apparent anomaly is the fact that the actual positional path of the sun seems to move in a direction opposite the seasonal associations of Spring and Fall. Some scientists argues that this is due to the animals and sei shuku being created some 17 to 18 millennia ago (precession creating the anomaly), but it does not really explain the apparent "backward" motion of the sun through seasons.
    
    According to some scientists, the talismanic animals with their associated sei shuku were probably used in conjunction with the direction to which the handle of the big dipper (often called the "North Seven Stars" in China, Korea, and Japan) pointed at the equinoxes and solstices. Before the Christian Era, when the sei shuku were created, the big dipper did not appear to set, because they had a relatively "higher" position than now.
    
    Like myths and traditions in Western cultures, these views still wield influence in the daily life of people in China, Korea, and Japan (this despite quite prominent scientific literacy). However, it should be pointed out that astrological divination in China, Korea and Japan was and is rather complex.
    
    The lore related to moon stations is one of the most interesting aspects of Asian Ethnoastronomy. Japanese interpretations of these associations tended to revolve around agricultural needs and animistic views of nature. Unlike many Western myths and traditions, japanese gods in the similitude of the talismanic animals can be seen as manifestations of nature.
    
    Below is an example of a star chart from Edo Era Japan.
    
    ![](illustrations/chart.png)
    
    *Close-Up of Yasui's Map Showing the First 15 Moon Stations*
    
    ### The Azure Dragon of the East (Spring)
    
    The 7 Moon Stations of the "East" or "Blue Dragon".
    
    |<notr>#</notr>|Chinese Character|Meaning|Key Star|Japanese Name|
    |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|-------|--------|-------------|
    |<notr>1</notr>|![](illustrations/mn01.png)|Horn(s), perhaps Angle, Corner|<notr>&alpha; Vir</notr>|<notr>SuBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>2</notr>|![](illustrations/mn02.png)|Neck, Throat|<notr>&kappa; Vir</notr>|<notr>AmiBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>3</notr>|![](illustrations/mn03.png)|Root, perhaps Shoulder or Base|<notr>&iota; Lib; </notr>sometimes<notr> &alpha; Lib</notr>|<notr>TomoBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>4</notr>|![](illustrations/mn04.png)|Chamber, perhaps Breasts|<notr>&delta; Sco; </notr>sometimes<notr> &pi; Sco</notr>|<notr>SoiBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>5</notr>|![](illustrations/mn05.png)|Heart|<notr>&sigma; Sco</notr>|<notr>NakagoBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>6</notr>|![](illustrations/mn06.png)|Tail|<notr>&mu; Sco</notr>|<notr>AshitareBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>7</notr>|![](illustrations/mn07.png)|Basket|<notr>&gamma; Sgr; </notr>sometimes<notr> &eta; Sgr</notr>|<notr>MiBoshi</notr>|
    
    ### The "Genbu" (Black Tortoise) of the North (Winter)
    
    The 7 Moon Stations of the "North" (Genbu) or "Black Tortoise of Winter" (also "Somber" or "Black" Warrior).
    
    |<notr>#</notr>|Chinese Character|Meaning|Key Star|Japanese Name|
    |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|-------|--------|-------------|
    |<notr>8</notr>|![](illustrations/mn08.png)|Dipper; Measure|<notr>&phi; Sgr</notr>|<notr>HikitsuBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>9</notr>|![](illustrations/mn09.png)|Cow|<notr>&beta; Cap</notr>|<notr>InamiBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>10</notr>|![](illustrations/mn10.png)|Woman; perhaps Waiting Maid|<notr>&epsilon; Aqr</notr>|<notr>UrukiBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>11</notr>|![](illustrations/mn11.png)|Emptiness|<notr>&beta; Aqr</notr>|<notr>TomiteBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>12</notr>|![](illustrations/mn12.png)|Roof Top, perhaps Danger, Steep|<notr>&alpha; Aqr</notr>|<notr>UmiyameBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>13</notr>|![](illustrations/mn13.png)|Room, perhaps Encampment|<notr>&alpha; Peg</notr>|<notr>HatsuiBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>14</notr>|![](illustrations/mn14.png)|Wall|<notr>&gamma; Peg</notr>|<notr>NamameBoshi</notr>|
    
    ### The White Tiger of the West (Fall)
    
    The 7 Moon Stations of the "West" or "White Tiger".
    
    |<notr>#</notr>|Chinese Character|Meaning|Key Star|Japanese Name|
    |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|-------|--------|-------------|
    |<notr>15</notr>|![](illustrations/mn15.png)|Stride, Foot|<notr>&delta; And</notr>|<notr>TokakiBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>16</notr>|![](illustrations/mn16.png)|Hill, Lasso; perhaps Bellows|<notr>&beta; Ari</notr>|<notr>TataraBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>17</notr>|![](illustrations/mn17.png)|Stomach|<notr>35 Ari</notr>|<notr>EkieBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>18</notr>|![](illustrations/mn18.png)|Stopping Place, United; perhaps "Getting Together"|<notr>17 Tau; </notr>sometimes<notr> 16 Tau</notr>|<notr>SubaruBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>19</notr>|![](illustrations/mn19.png)|Net; perhaps related to Rain|<notr>&epsilon; Tau</notr>|<notr>AmefuriBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>20</notr>|![](illustrations/mn20.png)|Turtle Snout, perhaps Tuft on Owl's Head|   |<notr>TorokiBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>21</notr>|![](illustrations/mn21.png)|Investigator, Three|<notr>&delta; Ori; </notr>sometimes<notr> &beta; Ori</notr>|<notr>KagasukiBoshi</notr>|
    
    ### The Red Bird of the South (Summer)
    
    The 7 Moon Stations of the "South" or "Red Bird".
    
    |<notr>#</notr>|Chinese Character|Meaning|Key Star|Japanese Name|
    |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------|-------|--------|-------------|
    |<notr>22</notr>|![](illustrations/mn22.png)|Well|<notr>&mu; Gem</notr>|<notr>ChichiriBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>23</notr>|![](illustrations/mn23.png)|Ogre, Devil, perhaps Ghost|<notr>&delta; Cnc; </notr>sometimes<notr> &theta; Cnc</notr>|<notr>TamahomeBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>24</notr>|![](illustrations/mn24.png)|Willow|<notr>&delta; Hya</notr>|<notr>NurikoBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>25</notr>|![](illustrations/mn25.png)|Stars|<notr>&alpha; Hya</notr>|<notr>HotohoriBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>26</notr>|![](illustrations/mn26.png)|Stretched Net|<notr>&nu; Hya</notr>|<notr>ChirikoBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>27</notr>|![](illustrations/mn27.png)|Wings|<notr>&alpha; Crt</notr>|<notr>TasukiBoshi</notr>|
    |<notr>28</notr>|![](illustrations/mn28.png)|Chariot Cross-Board, perhaps strings of Koto|<notr>&gamma; Crv</notr>|<notr>MitsukakeBoshi</notr>|
hr: Određivanje talismanskih životinja i pripadajućih zvijezda "palača" zajedno s pripadajućim 28 *sei shuku*ili lunarnim kućama predstavljaju neke od najsloženijih aspekata azijske "astronomije". Očigledna anomalija je činjenica da se stvarni položaj Sunca kreće u smjeru suprotnom od godišnjih doba koja se odnose na proljeće i jesen. Neki znanstvenici tvrde da je to zbog toga što su životinje i sei shuku stvoreni prije otprilike 17 do 18 tisućljeća (precesija stvara anomaliju), ali to zapravo ne objašnjava prividno kretanje Sunca „unatrag“ kroz godišnja doba.
    
    Prema nekim znanstvenicima, talismanske životinje s njihovim povezanim sei shukuom vjerojatno su korištene u kombinaciji s pravcem u kojem je ručka Velikih Kola (koja se u Kini, Koreji i Japanu često naziva "sedam sjevernih zvijezda") usmjerena na ekvinocije i solsticije. Prije kršćanske ere, kada je stvoren sei shuku, čini se da Velika Kola nisu zalazila, jer su imala relativno "viši" položaj nego danas.
    
    Poput mitova i tradicija u zapadnim kulturama, i ova gledišta još uvijek imaju utjecaj u svakodnevnom životu ljudi u Kini, Koreji i Japanu (bez obzira na prilično visoku znanstvenu pismenost). Međutim, treba istaknuti da su astrološka vjerovanja u Kini, Koreji i Japanu bila, i još uvijek jesu, prilično komplicirana.
    
    Zanimljivosti vezane uz mjesečeve stanice jedan su od najzanimljivijih aspekata azijske etnoastronomije. Japanske interpretacije ovih udruženja uglavnom su se vrtjele oko poljoprivrednih potreba i animističkih pogleda na prirodu. Za razliku od mnogih zapadnih mitova i tradicija, japanski bogovi u sličnosti talismanskih životinja mogu se promatrati kao manifestacije prirode.
    
    Ispod su primjeri zvjezdanih karata iz Japana u Edo razdoblju.
    
    ![](illustrations/chart.png)
    
    *Uvećana Yasui karta koja prikazuje prvih 15 Mjesečevih stanica*
    
    ### Azurni zmaj Istoka (Proljeće)
    
    7 Mjesečevih stanica "Istoka" ili "Plavog Zmaja".
    
    |#|Kineski znak|Značenje|Ključna zvijezda|Japanski naziv|
    |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|--------|----------------|--------------|
    |1|![](illustrations/mn01.png)|Rog(ovi), možda Kut ili Ugao|&alpha; Vir|SuBoshi|
    |2|![](illustrations/mn02.png)|Vrat, Grlo|&kappa; Vir|AmiBoshi|
    |3|![](illustrations/mn03.png)|Korijen, moguće Rame ili Temelj|&iota; Lib; sometimes &alpha; Lib|TomoBoshi|
    |4|![](illustrations/mn04.png)|Odaja, možda Grudi|&delta; Sco; sometimes &pi; Sco|SoiBoshi|
    |5|![](illustrations/mn05.png)|Srce|&sigma; Sco|NakagoBoshi|
    |6|![](illustrations/mn06.png)|Rep|&mu; Sco|AshitareBoshi|
    |7|![](illustrations/mn07.png)|Košara|&gamma; Sgr; sometimes &eta; Sgr|MiBoshi|
    
    ### "Genbu" (Crna Kornjača) Sjevera (Zima)
    
    7 Mjesečevih stanica "Sjevera" (Genbu) ili "Crne Kornjače Zime" (također "Mračni" ili "Crni" Ratnik).
    
    |#|Kineski znak|Značenje|Ključna zvijezda|Japanski naziv|
    |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|--------|----------------|--------------|
    |8|![](illustrations/mn08.png)|Kola, Mjerica|&phi; Sgr|HikitsuBoshi|
    |9|![](illustrations/mn09.png)|Krava|&beta; Cap|InamiBoshi|
    |10|![](illustrations/mn10.png)|Žena; možda Sluškinja koja čeka|&epsilon; Aqr|UrukiBoshi|
    |11|![](illustrations/mn11.png)|Ispraznost|&beta; Aqr|TomiteBoshi|
    |12|![](illustrations/mn12.png)|Krov, možda Opasnost, Strmina|&alpha; Aqr|UmiyameBoshi|
    |13|![](illustrations/mn13.png)|Soba, možda Logor|&alpha; Peg|HatsuiBoshi|
    |14|![](illustrations/mn14.png)|Zid|&gamma; Peg|NamameBoshi|
    
    ### Bijeli Tigar Zapada (Jesen)
    
    7 Mjesečevih stanica "Zapada" ili "Bijelog Tigra".
    
    |#|Kineski znak|Značenje|Ključna zvijezda|Japanski naziv|
    |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|--------|----------------|--------------|
    |15|![](illustrations/mn15.png)|Korak, Stopalo|&delta; And|TokakiBoshi|
    |16|![](illustrations/mn16.png)|Brdo, Laso; možda Mijeh|&beta; Ari|TataraBoshi|
    |17|![](illustrations/mn17.png)|Stomak|35 Ari|EkieBoshi|
    |18|![](illustrations/mn18.png)|Mjesto za zaustavljanje, Ujedinjeni; možda "Susret"|17 Tau; sometimes 16 Tau|SubaruBoshi|
    |19|![](illustrations/mn19.png)|Mreža; možda vezano za Kišu|&epsilon; Tau|AmefuriBoshi|
    |20|![](illustrations/mn20.png)|Kornjačin kljun, možda Čuperak na glavi Sove|   |TorokiBoshi|
    |21|![](illustrations/mn21.png)|Istražitelj, Tri|&delta; Ori; sometimes &beta; Ori|KagasukiBoshi|
    
    ### Crvena Ptica Juga (Ljeto)
    
    7 Mjesečevih stanica "Juga" ili "Crvene Ptice".
    
    |#|Kineski znak|Značenje|Ključna zvijezda|Japanski naziv|
    |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------|--------|----------------|--------------|
    |22|![](illustrations/mn22.png)|Izvor|&mu; Gem|ChichiriBoshi|
    |23|![](illustrations/mn23.png)|Ljudožder, Vrag, možda Duh|&delta; Cnc; sometimes &theta; Cnc|TamahomeBoshi|
    |24|![](illustrations/mn24.png)|Vrba|&delta; Hya|NurikoBoshi|
    |25|![](illustrations/mn25.png)|Zvijezde|&alpha; Hya|HotohoriBoshi|
    |26|![](illustrations/mn26.png)|Raširena Mreža|&nu; Hya|ChirikoBoshi|
    |27|![](illustrations/mn27.png)|Krila|&alpha; Crt|TasukiBoshi|
    |28|![](illustrations/mn28.png)|Podvozje Kočije, možda žice Koto instrumenta|&gamma; Crv|MitsukakeBoshi|

note: Japanese Yasui Map sky culture references section in markdown format
en:  - [#1]: <notr>[A Cultural History of Astronomy in Japan](http://www.academia.edu/5293593/A_Cultural_History_of_Astronomy_in_Japan)</notr> by Steve Renshaw
hr:  - [#1]: [A Cultural History of Astronomy in Japan](http://www.academia.edu/5293593/A_Cultural_History_of_Astronomy_in_Japan) by Steve Renshaw

note: Kamilaroi/Euahlayi sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: The Kamilaroi (also known as Gomeroi) and Euahlayi peoples are Australian Aboriginal cultural groups located in the northern part of New South Wales. They have survived European invasion and loss of much of their country. Their culture and connection to country remains strong, including an extensive cultural astronomy first recorded in the 1860s.
hr: Kamilaroi (također poznati kao Gomeroi) i Euahlayi narodi su Australske aboridžinske kulturne skupine smještene u sjevernom dijelu New South Walesa. Preživjeli su europsku invaziju i gubitak velikog dijela svoje zemlje. Njihova kultura i povezanost sa državom i dalje su snažni, uključujući opsežnu kulturnu astronomiju koja je prvi put zabilježena 1860-ih.

note: Kamilaroi/Euahlayi sky culture description section in markdown format
en: ### Background
    
    This Stellarium Skyculture is the result of a Higher Degree Research project by Robert Fuller at Macquarie University, Sydney, finishing in 2014. Stellarium was chosen as a part of the project for Giving Back of the collected knowledge to the Kamilaroi and Euahlayi communities in the form of a documentary video (Star Stories of the Dreaming) and a student's Study Guide. Clips from the Stellarium were used in the documentary to illustrate certain sky objects.
hr: ### Pozadina
    
    Ova kultura zviježđa rezultat je projekta pod nazivom Higher Degree Research, Roberta Fullera s Macquarie University-a u Sydneyu, završenog 2014. godine. Stellarium je odabran kao dio navedenog projekta u svrhu vraćanja znanja o Kamilaroi i Euahlayi zajednicama u obliku dokumentarnog filma (Star Stories of the Dreaming) i vodiča za studente. Video segmenti iz Stellarium-a korišteni su u dokumentarcu kako bi se ilustrirali određeni nebeski objekti.

note: Korean sky culture name
en: Korean
hr: Korejska

note: Korean sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: The Chinese, Korean, and Japanese constellations have the same origin and look very similar in shape. They are represented respectively in the Dun Huang starmap from the 8th century, the Cheon-Sang-Yeol-Cha-Bun-Ya-Ji-Do map and in the Kitora skymap painted in A.D.7C ~ 8C. Their positions and their names are similar in the Chinese alphabet. The name of the constellations first appear in the Records of the Grand Historian(史記) in Han dynasty describing Xia dynasty in about 2000 B.C.
hr: Kineska, korejska i japanska zviježđa imaju isto podrijetlo i imaju vrlo slične oblike. Svako od zviježđa predstavljeno je na zvjezdanim kartama, i to po redu, na karti Dun Huanga iz 8. stoljeća, na karti Cheon-Sang-Yeol-Cha-Bun-Ya-Ji-Do i na karti Kitora naslikane u .7~8. stoljeću. Njihovi su položaji i imena slični u kineskoj abecedi. Naziv zviježđa prvi se put pojavljuje u zapisima Velikog povjesničara (史記) u dinastiji Han koji opisuju dinastiju Xia oko 2000. godine prije Krista.

note: Korean sky culture description section in markdown format
en: ### Origin
    
    The 272 constellations displayed in this Stellarium sky culture are based on the Cheon-Sang-Yeol-Cha-Bun-Ya-Zi-Do, the Korean Constellation map, which was carved on the stone on 1395 but has its origin from another sky map which existed about 2,000 years ago. This map represents 1467 stars in about 190 constellations whose shapes are slightly different from the chinese ones. The interpretation of the map is not easy: the map is so old that only about 300 stars are found to match with the real stars. All the stars of the map were drawn on a circle, so the equator seems smaller than the southern limit. Because the density of constellation does not change with respect to the position, the position and the size of the constellations were somewhat altered in a way unknown by the author. It is assumed that there should be no bright stars which do not belong to any constellations. The work of the author is subject to interpretation, and could be changed at a later time. It will however roughly show what the Korean Constellation are like.
hr: ### Porijeklo
    
    272 zviježđa prikazana u ovoj Stellarium kulturi zviježđa temelje se na korejskoj zvjezdanoj kartai zviježđa Cheon-Sang-Yeol-Cha-Bun-Ya-Zi-Do, koja je uklesana na kamenu 1395. godine, ali porijeklo vuče s druge karte neba koja je postojala prije otprilike 2000 godina. Ova karta predstavlja 1467 zvijezda u oko 190 zviježđa čiji se oblici u manjoj mjeri razlikuju od kineskih. Tumačenje karte nije lako: karta je toliko stara da se samo oko 300 zvijezda podudara sa stvarnim zvijezdama. Sve zvijezde karte crtane su u krugu, pa se čini da je ekvator manji od južne granice. Kako se gustoća zviježđa ne mijenja s obzirom na položaj, položaj i veličina zviježđa donekle su izmijenjeni na što nije bilo poznato autoru. Pretpostavlja se da ne bi trebale postojati sjajne zvijezde koje ne pripadaju nijednom zviježđu. Djelo autora podložno je tumačenju i moglo bi ga se naknadno mijenjati. Međutim, otprilike prikazuje kakva su korejska zviježđa.

note: Korean sky culture authors section in markdown format
en: This sky culture was contributed by Stellarium user *[Jeong, Tae-Min](http://user.chollian.net/~jtm71/)*
hr: Kulturu zviježđa u Stellarium je pridonio korisnik *[Jeong, Tae-Min](http://user.chollian.net/~jtm71/)*

note: Lokono sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: <img src="illustrations/lokono_map_1.png" width="277" height="375" align="left"/>The *Lokono*, also known as *Arawak*, are an indigenous people of the Guianas, whose territory stretches along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, from northwestern Guyana, through Suriname, to northwestern French Guiana (see map).[#1] The Lokono speak a language that belongs to the Arawakan language family&mdash;one of the largest linguistic groupings on the continent. Like many of their linguistic relatives, the Lokono are agriculturalists specializing in the farming of manioc (*Manihot esculenta*), who also practice fishing, hunting, and gathering of wild plant. However, as one of the first indigenous groups that was encountered by the Europeans at the time of conquest, the Lokono have been in contact with non-indigenous populations for over 500 years.[#2] This contact has intensified in the last century, leading to a substantial loss of the Lokono language, traditional material and immaterial culture, changes in subsistence practices, and in particular to the disappearance of *medicine-men*&mdash;the traditional carriers of spiritual knowledge, most likely including ethnoastronomical knowledge. As a consequence, the modern knowledge about celestial bodies appears to be but a fraction of what the Lokono knew about stars in the past. Several constellations mentioned in older sources are forgotten or are only known from their names, while the combinations of stars they represent and the oral traditions explaining their origin and significance have been forgotten. The Skyculture presented here includes only identified constellations but the following description provides a more comprehensive account of Lokono astronomical knowledge including information extracted from historical sources about all the celestial objects named in the table below.
hr: <img src="illustrations/lokono_map_1.png" width="277" height="375" align="left"/> *Lokono*, također poznati kao narod *Arawak*, starosjedioci su Gvajane, a njihov teritorij proteže se uz obalu Atlantskog oceana, od sjeverozapadne Gvajane, preko Surinama, do sjeverozapadne Francuske Gvajane (vidi kartu).[#1]Govore jezik koji pripada porodici jezika Arawak, jednoj od najvećih jezičnih skupina na kontinentu. Kao i mnogi drugi narodi s kojima dijele sličan jezik, Lokono su poljoprivrednici specijalizirani za uzgoj manioka (*Manihot esculenta*), a također se bave ribolovom, lovom i sakupljanjem divljih biljaka. Međutim, kao jedna od prvih starosjedilačkih skupina s kojom su se Europljani susreli u trenutku osvajanja, Lokono narod je u kontaktu s ne-domorodačkim stanovništvom više od 500 godina .[#2] Taj se kontakt intenzivirao u prošlom stoljeću, što je dovelo do znatnog gubitka jezika Lokono, tradicionalne materijalne i nematerijalne kulture, promjena u načinu preživljavanja, posebno do nestanka*vračara*&mdash; tradicionalnih nosiocioca duhovnog znanja, najvjerojatnije uključujući i etnoastronomsko znanje. Kao posljedica toga, čini se da je moderno znanje o nebeskim tijelima samo djelić onoga što su Lokono znali o zvijezdama u prošlim vremenima. Nekoliko zviježđa navedenih u starijim izvorima zaboravljeno je ili je poznato samo po njihovim imenima, dok su kombinacije zvijezda koje predstavljaju i usmene predaje koje objašnjavaju njihovo podrijetlo i značaj zaboravljene. Ovdje prikazana kultura uključuje samo identificirana zviježđa, ali dani opis pruža sveobuhvatniji prikaz lokonskog astronomskog znanja, uključujući podatke iz povijesnih izvora o svim nebeskim objektima navedenim u donjoj tablici.

note: Lokono sky culture references section in markdown format
en:  - [#1]: Rybka, Konrad. 2015. [“State-of-the-Art in the Development of the Lokono Language.”](https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/24635) Language Documentation and Conservation 9: 110–13.
     - [#2]: Rybka, Konrad. 2017. [“Contact-Induced Phenomena in Lokono (Arawakan).”](https://www.degruyter.com/view/books/9781614514886/9781614514886-010/9781614514886-010.xml) In Boundaries and Bridges, edited by Kofi Yakpo and Pieter C. Muysken. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp 257-281.
     - [#3]: Navarette, Rodrigo Pérez de. 1964. “Relación de Las Provicias y Naciones Que Los Indios Llamados Aruacas [Tienen] [...].” In Relaciones Geográficas de Venezuela, edited by Antonio Arellano Moreno, 83–87. Caracas: Academia Nacional de la Historia.
     - [#4]: Roth, Walter Edmund. 1924. An Introductory Study of the Arts, Crafts, and Customs of the Guiana Indians. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
     - [#5]: Goeje, Claudius Henricus de. 1943. Philosophy, Initiation and Myths of the Indians of Guiana and Adjacent Countries. Archives Internationales d’ethnographie. 44.
     - [#6]: Abbenhuis, M.F. 1939. Arawakken in Suriname: Enquête-Materiaal Voor Een Volkenkundige Studie. Paramaribo: Leo Victor.
     - [#7]: Coll, Cornelius van. 1903. “Gegevens over Land En Volk van Suriname I - Suriname’s Oorspronkelijke Bevolking.” Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 55 (1): 453–529.
     - [#8]: Goeje, Claudius Henricus de. 1928. The Arawak Language of Guiana. Amsterdam: Uitgave van der Koninklijke Akademie von Wetenschappen te Amsterdam.
     - [#9]: Brett, William Henry. 1880. Legends and Myths of the Aboriginal Indians of British Guiana. London: Williams Wells Gardner.
     - [#10]: Roth, Walter Edmund. 1915. An Inquiry into the Animism and Folk-Lore of the Guiana Indians. Annual Report, Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology 30. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.
     - [#11]: Goeje, Claudius Henricus de. 1942. “De Inwijding Tot Medicijnman Bij de Arawakken (Guyana) in Tekst En Mythe.” Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië 101: 211–76.
     - [#12]: Im Thurn, Everard Ferdinand. 1883. Among the Indians of Guiana: Being Sketches Chiefly Anthropologic from the Interior of British Guiana. London: K. Paul, Trench & Company.
     - [#13]: Laet, Joannes de. 1633. Novus Orbis, Seu Descriptionis Indiae Occidentalis Libri XVIII. Leiden: Apud Elzevirios.
     - [#14]: Brett, William Henry. 1868. The Indian Tribes of Guiana: Their Condition and Habits. London: Bell and Daldy.
     - [#15]: Baarle, Peter van, Mauricius Alberto Sabajo, van der Stap Gerdy, Sabajo Andreas L., and Sabajo Lucia L. 1989. Arhwaka lokonong djang: Arowakse taalkursus en woordenboek. Haarlem; Amsterdam: Sociaal-culturele Vereniging Ikyoshie ; Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap, Universiteit van Amsterdam.
     - [#16]: Dance, Charles D. 1881. Chapters from a Guianese Log Book. Georgetown, Guyana.
     - [#17]: Penard, Frederik Paul, and Arthur Philip Penard. 1907. De Menschetende Aanbidders Der Zonneslang. Paramaribo: H.B. Heyde.
     - [#18]: Magaña, Edmundo, and Fabiola Jara. 1982. “The Carib sky.” Journal de la Société des Américanistes 68 (1): 105–32.
     - [#19]: Bennett, John P. 1995. Twenty-Eight Lessons in Loko (Arawak): A Teaching Guide. Georgetown, Guyana: Walter Roth Museum of Anthropology.
     - [#20]: Ahlbrinck, Willem. 1931. Encyclopaedie Der Karaïben. Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen.
     - [#21]: Schumann, Christian Ludwig. 1882. “Arawakish-Deutsches Wörterbuch.” In Grammaires Et Vocabulaires Roucouyenne, Arrouague, Piapoco Et D’autres Langues De La Région Des Guyanes, Par J. Crevaux, P . Sagot, L. Adam..., edited by Jules Nicolas Crevaux, Paul Antoine Sagot, and Lucien Adam, 7–165. Paris: Maisonneuve.
     - [#22]: Courtz, H. 2008. A Carib Grammar and Dictionary. Toronto, ON, Canada: Magoria Books.
     - [#23]: Arawak manuscripts, American Philosophical Society, manuscript number:[ Mss.498.3.Sch8. ](https://search.amphilsoc.org/collections/view?docId=ead/Mss.498.3.Sch8-ead.xml)Page 562 in the original manuscript, which corresponds to page 576 in the digitalized document. The image was reduced in size, cropped, and reproduced here with the kind permission of the American Philosophical Society.
hr:  - [#1]: Rybka, Konrad. 2015. [“State-of-the-Art in the Development of the Lokono Language.”](https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/handle/10125/24635) Language Documentation and Conservation 9: 110–13.
     - [#2]: Rybka, Konrad. 2017. [“Contact-Induced Phenomena in Lokono (Arawakan).”](https://www.degruyter.com/view/books/9781614514886/9781614514886-010/9781614514886-010.xml ) In Boundaries and Bridges, edited by Kofi Yakpo and Pieter C. Muysken. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, pp 257-281.
     - [#3]: Navarette, Rodrigo Pérez de. 1964. “Relación de Las Provicias y Naciones Que Los Indios Llamados Aruacas [Tienen] [...].” In Relaciones Geográficas de Venezuela, edited by Antonio Arellano Moreno, 83–87. Caracas: Academia Nacional de la Historia.
     - [#4]: Roth, Walter Edmund. 1924. An Introductory Study of the Arts, Crafts, and Customs of the Guiana Indians. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
     - [#5]: Goeje, Claudius Henricus de. 1943. Philosophy, Initiation and Myths of the Indians of Guiana and Adjacent Countries. Archives Internationales d’ethnographie. 44.
     - [#6]: Abbenhuis, M.F. 1939. Arawakken in Suriname: Enquête-Materiaal Voor Een Volkenkundige Studie. Paramaribo: Leo Victor.
     - [#7]: Coll, Cornelius van. 1903. “Gegevens over Land En Volk van Suriname I - Suriname’s Oorspronkelijke Bevolking.” Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 55 (1): 453–529.
     - [#8]: Goeje, Claudius Henricus de. 1928. The Arawak Language of Guiana. Amsterdam: Uitgave van der Koninklijke Akademie von Wetenschappen te Amsterdam.
     - [#9]: Brett, William Henry. 1880. Legends and Myths of the Aboriginal Indians of British Guiana. London: Williams Wells Gardner.
     - [#10]: Roth, Walter Edmund. 1915. An Inquiry into the Animism and Folk-Lore of the Guiana Indians. Annual Report, Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology 30. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.
     - [#11]: Goeje, Claudius Henricus de. 1942. “De Inwijding Tot Medicijnman Bij de Arawakken (Guyana) in Tekst En Mythe.” Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië 101: 211–76.
     - [#12]: Im Thurn, Everard Ferdinand. 1883. Among the Indians of Guiana: Being Sketches Chiefly Anthropologic from the Interior of British Guiana. London: K. Paul, Trench & Company.
     - [#13]: Laet, Joannes de. 1633. Novus Orbis, Seu Descriptionis Indiae Occidentalis Libri XVIII. Leiden: Apud Elzevirios.
     - [#14]: Brett, William Henry. 1868. The Indian Tribes of Guiana: Their Condition and Habits. London: Bell and Daldy.
     - [#15]: Baarle, Peter van, Mauricius Alberto Sabajo, van der Stap Gerdy, Sabajo Andreas L., and Sabajo Lucia L. 1989. Arhwaka lokonong djang: Arowakse taalkursus en woordenboek. Haarlem; Amsterdam: Sociaal-culturele Vereniging Ikyoshie ; Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap, Universiteit van Amsterdam.
     - [#16]: Dance, Charles D. 1881. Chapters from a Guianese Log Book. Georgetown, Guyana.
     - [#17]: Penard, Frederik Paul, and Arthur Philip Penard. 1907. De Menschetende Aanbidders Der Zonneslang. Paramaribo: H.B. Heyde.
     - [#18]: Magaña, Edmundo, and Fabiola Jara. 1982. “The Carib sky.” Journal de la Société des Américanistes 68 (1): 105–32.
     - [#19]: Bennett, John P. 1995. Twenty-Eight Lessons in Loko (Arawak): A Teaching Guide. Georgetown, Guyana: Walter Roth Museum of Anthropology.
     - [#20]: Ahlbrinck, Willem. 1931. Encyclopaedie Der Karaïben. Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen.
     - [#21]: Schumann, Christian Ludwig. 1882. “Arawakish-Deutsches Wörterbuch.” In Grammaires Et Vocabulaires Roucouyenne, Arrouague, Piapoco Et D’autres Langues De La Région Des Guyanes, Par J. Crevaux, P . Sagot, L. Adam..., edited by Jules Nicolas Crevaux, Paul Antoine Sagot, and Lucien Adam, 7–165. Paris: Maisonneuve.
     - [#22]: Courtz, H. 2008. A Carib Grammar and Dictionary. Toronto, ON, Canada: Magoria Books.
     - [#23]: Arawak manuscripts, American Philosophical Society, manuscript number:[ Mss.498.3.Sch8. ](https://search.amphilsoc.org/collections/view?docId=ead/Mss.498.3.Sch8-ead.xml)Page 562 in the original manuscript, which corresponds to page 576 in the digitalized document. The image was reduced in size, cropped, and reproduced here with the kind permission of the American Philosophical Society.

note: Macedonian sky culture name
en: Macedonian
hr: Makedonska

note: Description of Macedonian constellation Mother Hen
en: is the best-known constellation, which is recognized by all elderly people in Macedonian villages, without any exception. This name people use for the star cluster Pleiades
hr: je najpoznatije zviježđe, i bez iznimke je prepoznato od svih starijih ljudi u makedonskim selima. Ovaj naziv ljudi koriste za zvjezdani skup Plejada

note: Description of Macedonian constellation Rooster
en: This is the name of the star Alnath (or Elnath) from the constellation Taurus.
hr: Ovo je naziv zvijezde Ainath (ili Einath) iz zviježđa Bika.

note: Description of Macedonian constellation Pigs
en: Near to the Mother Hen, people on the sky noticed the star cluster Hyades. Scattered appearance of the stars of this cluster associated people to the image of pigs in a village yard, and so it’s called Pigs.
hr: U blizini Kvočke, ljudi su primjetili zvjezdani skup Hijada. Raspršeni izgled zvijezda u skupu ljudi su povezali s slikom svinja u seoskom dvorištu, tako da je skup nazvan Svinje.

note: Description of Macedonian constellation Yoke
en: People under this name recognize group of stars in the constellation Perseus. Yokes for the oxen usually is found in village yards so that is why, like the previous constellation, is evidence of the general image of people and purpose given to this part of the sky.
hr: Ljudi s pod ovim imenom prepoznali grupu zvijezda u zviježđu Perzeja. Jaram za volove se obično nalazio u seoskim dvorištima te je to, kao i kod prethodnog zviježđa, dokaz opće slike ljudi i svrhe dodijeljene ovom dijelu neba.

note: Description of Macedonian constellation Ploughman
en: The Ploughman is one of the three main characters in the sky. It is the name people gave to the bright star Betelgeuse in the constellation of Orion. Besides Betelgeuse, in building the image of this folk constellation, some weaker and less bright stars from the surrounding are also taken into account, because people say that the Ploughman is an image of a person with a goad as he returns home.
hr: Orač je jedan od tri glavna lika na nebu. To je naziv koji je dan sjajnoj zvijezdi Betelgeuse u zviježđu Oriona.  Osim Betelgeusea, pri stvaranju slike ovog narodnog zviježđa uzimaju se u obzir i neke slabije i manje sjajne zvijezde iz okoline, jer ljudi kažu da je Orač predstavljen kao osoba s štapom koja se vraća kući.

note: Description of Macedonian constellation Wolves
en: Near to the plough with oxen, which is left on a field, people see two wolves as well. They are the bright stars Sirius in the constellation Canis Major and Procyon in Canis Minor.
hr: U blizini volova s plugom, lijevo na polju, ljudi također vide dva vuka. Riječ je dvije sjajne zvijezde, Siriusu u Velikom Psu i Procyonu u Malom Psu.

note: Description of Macedonian constellation Ears
en: By this common word used as a jargon, Macedonian villagers mark the part of the wooden plough that goes into the soil, used for plowing.
hr: Ovim čestim izrazom koji se koristi u žargonu, makedonski seljaci označavaju dio drvenog pluga koji ulazi u zemlju i kojim se ore.

note: Description of Macedonian constellation Sofra
en: The typical semi-circular shape of the constellation Corona Borealis evoked the image of a wooden round table called sofra.
hr: Tipični polukružni oblik zviježđa Sjeverne Krune pobudio je sliku drvenog okruglog stola zvanog sofra.

note: Description of Macedonian constellation Auger
en: People say that this is a very big drill used for construction of houses and is found inside the Priest’s Straw
hr: Ljudi kažu da se radi o vrlo velikoj bušilici koja se koristila prilikom izgradnje kuća te se nalazi unutar Kumove Slame

note: Description of Macedonian constellation Aramii
en: The famous constellation Ursa Major among the people is described as a group of thieves. The seven bright stars of Ursa Major are said to be thieves „because during the entire night they circle on the sky same as thieves that circle around houses“
hr: Poznato zviježđe Velikog Medvjeda među narodom je bilo opisano kao grupa lopova. Za sedam sjajnih zvijezda Velikog Medvjedamje bilo rečeno dasu lopovi "zato što tijekom cijele noći kruže po nebu jednako kao što lopovi kruže oko kuće"

note: Macedonian sky culture references section in markdown format
en:  - [#1]: [Macedonian Research Society](http://mid.org.mk/ethnoastronomy/)
     - [#2]: [Cenev, Gjore (1985). *The astronomical knowledge of the south-west Macedonia's people.* "Publications of the Astronomical Society of "Rudjer Bošković", No. 4, p. 139 - 146". Belgrade, Yugoslavia](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985PASRB...4..139C)
     - [#3]: Cenev, Gjore (2004). *Sky Map of Macedonian People.* Skopje, Mladinski kulturen centar.
     - [#4]: Cenev, Gjore (2004). *Neboto nad Makedonija [Sky over Macedonia].* Skopje, Mladinski kulturen centar.
     - [#5]: [Cenev, Gjore (2008). *Macedonian Folk Constellations.* Publications of the Astronomical Observatory of Belgrade, vol. 85, p. 97-109. Belgrade, Serbia.](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008POBeo..85...97C)
     - [#6]: [Cenev, Gjore (2014). *The Ancient Sky Map Of The Macedonian People.* Cosmos – The Journal of the Traditional Cosmology Society, volume 30, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.](http://www.academia.edu/18707131/The_Ancient_Sky_Map_Of_The_Macedonian_People)
hr:  - [#1]: [Makedonsko društvo za istraživanje](http://mid.org.mk/ethnoastronomy/)
     - [#2]: [Cenev, Gjore (1985). *Astronomsko znanje jugozapadnih Makedonaca* "Izdanje astronomskog društva "Ruđer Bošković", Br. 4, s. 139 - 146". Beograd, Jugoslavija](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985PASRB...4..139C)
     - [#3]: Cenev, Gjore (2004). *Zvjezdana karta naroda Makedonije.* Skopje, Mladinski kulturen centar.
     - [#4]: Cenev, Gjore (2004). *Neboto nad Makedonija [Nebo iznad Makedonije].* Skopje, Mladinski kulturen centar.
     - [#5]: [Cenev, Gjore (2008). *Makedonska pučka zviježđa.* Publikacija astronomskog društva Beograd, izd. 85, s. 97-109. Beograd, Srbija.](http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008POBeo..85...97C)
     - [#6]: [Cenev, Gjore (2014). *Drevne zvjezdane karte naroda Makedonije* Cosmos – The Journal of the Traditional Cosmology Society, volume 30, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.](http://www.academia.edu/18707131/The_Ancient_Sky_Map_Of_The_Macedonian_People)

note: Macedonian sky culture authors section in markdown format
en: This sky culture was contributed by *Vancho Stojkoski* and *Gjore Cenev* from Macedonian Research Society based primarily on the book **Sky over Macedonia** by Cenev G, 2004.
hr: Kulturu doprinjeli *Vancho Stojkoski* i *Gjore Cenev* iz Makedonskog istraživačkog društva primarno temeljeno na knjizi **Nebo iznad Makedonije** autora Cenev G, 2004.

note: Maori sky culture name
en: Maori
hr: Maorska

note: Maori sky culture authors section in markdown format Tongan sky culture authors section in markdown format
en: This sky culture was contributed by Stellarium user *Dan Smale*, smaledaniel(at)outlook.com
hr: Ovu kulturu zviježđa za Stellarium uredio je korisnik *Dan Smale*, smaledaniel(at)outlook.com

note: Maya sky culture name
en: Maya
hr: Maje

note: Modern sky culture name
en: Modern
hr: Moderna

note: Modern (Chinese) sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: The Modern (Chinese) Skyculture is a combination of Chinese traditions and Western constellations. The Chinese use combinations of modern constellations and Chinese star names in astronomy. This is the skyculture that the Chinese actually use now, with a great practical value.
hr: Kineska suvremena kultura zviježđa spoj je kineske tradicije i zapadnih zviježđa. Kinezi u astronomiji koriste kombinacije zapadnih zviježđa i imena kineskih zvijezda. Ovo je kultura zviježđa koju Kinezi zapravo sada koriste, s velikom praktičnom vrijednošću.

note: Modern (Chinese) sky culture description section in markdown format
en: ### Constellations
    
    The modern Chinese use the constellations of the International Astronomical Union. The traditional Chinese constellations have no specific boundaries between them. They only represent the corresponding set of bright stars, and do not have the role of dividing the celestial sphere into different areas, so they are no longer applicable in astronomy.
    
    ### Star names
    
    The Chinese now use traditional star names instead of Western star names. More than 3,000 stars have traditional Chinese star names. When a foreign astronomical book is translated into Chinese, the star names will also be translated into traditional Chinese star names. There are some special stars that use the names of Western stars, such as Proxima, Van Maanen's star, which can usually only be seen with a telescope, but with special astronomical significance.
    
    For a detailed introduction to traditional Chinese constellations and traditional Chinese names, see *Chinese traditional Skyculture for Stellarium*.
    
    ### External links
    
     - [Chinese constellations ](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_constellations) Wikipedia
     - [traditional Chinese star names](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_star_names) Wikipedia
     - [constellations](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation) Wikipedia
     - [Constellation image library](http://hubblesource.stsci.edu/sources/illustrations/constellations/) of the U.S. Naval Observatory and the Space Telescope Science Institute. Johannes Hevelius Engravings.
hr: ### Zviježđa
    
    Suvremeni Kinezi koriste zviježđa Međunarodne astronomske unije. Tradicionalna kineska zviježđa nemaju određene granice. Zviježđa samo predstavljaju odgovarajući skup svijetlih zvijezda i nemaju ulogu dijeljenja nebeske sfere na različita područja, tako da više nisu primjenjive u astronomiji.
    
    ### Nazivi zvijezda
    
    Kinezi sada koriste tradicionalna imena zvijezda umjesto imena zapadnih zvijezda. Više od 3000 zvijezda ima tradicionalna kineska imena zvijezda. Kada se strana astronomska knjiga prevede na kineski, i imena zvijezda prevest će se u tradicionalna kineska imena. Postoje neke posebne zvijezde koje koriste imena zapadnih zvijezda, poput Proxime, Van Maanenove zvijezde, koje se obično mogu vidjeti samo teleskopom, a koje su od posebnog astronomskog značaja.
    
    Detaljan uvod u tradicionalna kineska zviježđa i tradicionalna kineska imena pogledajte *Kinesku tradicionalnu kulturu zviježđa za Stellarium*.
    
    ### Vanjske poveznice
    
     - [Kineska zviježđa ](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_constellations) Wikipedia
     - [tradicionalni kineski nazivi zvijezda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_star_names) Wikipedia
     - [zviježđa](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constellation) Wikipedia
     - [Galerija fotografija zviježđa](http://hubblesource.stsci.edu/sources/illustrations/constellations/) U.S. Pomorskog Opservatorija i Instituta Space Telescope Science . Gravure Johannes Hevelius-a.

note: Modern (Chinese) sky culture authors section in markdown format
en: This skyculture was contributed by Stellarium user *Sun Shuwei* [sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com](mailto:sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com).
    
    Constellation art，Constellation lines based on *Modern Skyculture for Stellarium*.
    
    Asterism lines and traditional Chinese star names based on *Chinese Traditional Skyculture for Stellarium*.
hr: Kulturu zviježđa u Stellarium je pridonio korisnik *Sun Shuwei* [sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com](mailto:sunshuwei.hi@foxmail.com).
    
    Umjetnički prikazi i linije zviježđa su temeljeni na *Zapadnoj kulturi zviježđa za Stellarium*.
    
    Linije asterizama i tradicionalna kineska imena zvijezda temeljni su na *Kineskoj tradicionalnoj kulturi zviježđa za Stellarium*.

note: Modern (Sky & Telescope) sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: Modern sky culture is used internationally by modern astronomers, and is the official scheme of The International Astronomical Union. It has historical roots in Ancient Greek astronomy, with influences from Islamic astronomy. The constellation figures and star names come from Sky & Telescope's definitions, and should be familiar to users of Sky & Telescope's Pocket Sky Atlas, Sky Atlas 2000.0, and the figures in Sky & Telescope magazine.
hr: Western sky culture is used internationally by modern astronomers, and is the official scheme of The International Astronomical Union. It has historical roots in Ancient Greek astronomy, with influences from Islamic astronomy. The constellation figures and star names come from Sky & Telescope's definitions, and should be familiar to users of Sky & Telescope's Pocket Sky Atlas, Sky Atlas 2000.0, and the figures in Sky & Telescope magazine.

note: Mongolian sky culture name
en: Mongolian
hr: Mongolska

note: Navajo sky culture name
en: Navajo
hr: Navaho

note: Navajo sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: The Navajo are the largest Native American tribe in the United States; the Navajo Nation extends across northeastern Arizona, southeastern Utah, and northwestern New Mexico.
hr: Navaho je najveće pleme američkih starosjedioca u SAD-u; narod Navaho proteže se preko sjeveroistočne Arizone, jugoistočnog Utaha i sjeverozapadnog New Mexica.

note: Navajo sky culture references section in markdown format
en:  - [#1]: [The Navajo Nation](http://www.navajo.org) official website
     - [#2]: [http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-utah/vondel/dilyehe.html](http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-utah/vondel/dilyehe.html)
     - [#3]: [http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-utah/vondel/rabbit.html](http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-utah/vondel/rabbit.html)
     - [#4]: [http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-utah/vondel/laws.html](http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-utah/vondel/laws.html)
     - [#5]: [http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/mythology/northamerican_culture.html](http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/mythology/northamerican_culture.html)
hr:  - [#1]: [The Navajo Nation](http://www.navajo.org) službena stranica
     - [#2]: [http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-utah/vondel/dilyehe.html](http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-utah/vondel/dilyehe.html)
     - [#3]: [http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-utah/vondel/rabbit.html](http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-utah/vondel/rabbit.html)
     - [#4]: [http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-utah/vondel/laws.html](http://www.clarkfoundation.org/astro-utah/vondel/laws.html)
     - [#5]: [http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/mythology/northamerican_culture.html](http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/mythology/northamerican_culture.html)

note: Norse sky culture name
en: Norse
hr: Nordijska

note: Norse sky culture references section in markdown format
en:  - [#1]: [Norse Constellations](http://digitaliseducation.com/resources-norse.html)
hr:  - [#1]: [Nordijska zviježđa](http://digitaliseducation.com/resources-norse.html)

note: Northern Andes sky culture name
en: Northern Andes
hr: Sjeverno Andska

note: Romanian sky culture name
en: Romanian
hr: Rumunjska

note: Romanian sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: Considered as a whole, Romanian popular stellar mythology has three essential components.
hr: Gledano u cjelini, Rumunjska popularna zvjezdana mitologija sadrži tri bitne komponente.

note: Russian (Siberian) sky culture description section in markdown format
en: ### Milky Way
    
    The names of the Milky Way are quite numerous, but they can be distinguished into two groups - the names coming from the past (e.g., *Goose Road*) and the name of a later period (*Mamay Road*). The names of the later period is clearly apparent connection to the memory of the Mongol-Tatar invasion to Russia.
    
    ### Pleiades
    
    The Pleiades has a many names and their more than the Milky Way names, but all of them in Siberia can be reduced to the notion for a star cluster as a bird's nest. Among these names *Duck Nest* is the most common.
    
    ### Ursa Major
    
    In Siberia often used name for this constellation is *Elk* (although in Eastern Siberia the name "Bear" is used more frequently).
    
    ### Orion
    
    In Siberia in the constellation of Orion is usually used only three stars of his belt, who called *Kichigi* (the Threshers) - is typical for north-eastern Russia image of the threshers, who are stand in the row. In the European part of Russia called Kichigi usually hides the Ursa Major constellation.
hr: ### Mlječna staza
    
    Nazivi Mliječne Staze prilično su brojni, ali mogu se razlikovati dvije skupine - nazivi koji potječu iz prošlosti (npr. *Guščja Staza*) te nazivi iz kasnijeg razdoblja(*Mamay Cesta*). Nazivi kasnijeg razdoblja očito su povezani s mongolsko-tatarskom invazijom na Rusiju.
    
    ### Plejade
    
    The Pleiades has a many names and their more than the Milky Way names, but all of them in Siberia can be reduced to the notion for a star cluster as a bird's nest. Among these names *Duck Nest* is the most common.
    
    ### Ursa Major
    
    Često korišteni naziv za ovo zviježđe u Sibiru je *Los* (iako se u istočnom Sibiru češće koristi naziv "Medvjed").
    
    ### Orion
    
    U Sibiru, tri zvijezde Orionovog pojasa predstavljaju *Kichigi* (Seljake u vršenju žita) kako stoje u redu - tipični prikaz takve radnje za sjeveroistočnu Rusiju. U europskom dijelu Rusije, Kichigi se obično skrivaju u zviježđu Velikog Medvjeda.

note: Sami sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: The Sami people are considered to be the native population of northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and West Russia (the Kola Peninsula). More information can be found at [#1] and [#2].
hr: Sami narod se smatra starosjedilačkim stanovništvom sjeverne Norveške, Švedske, Finske i Zapadne Rusije (poluotok Kola). Više informacija možete pronaći [#1] i u [#2].

note: Sami sky culture description section in markdown format
en: ### Sources
    
    Stellarium's Sami sky culture is based on the work of Bo Lundmark[#3], who based much of his work on the writings of the Sami artist and author Johan Turi.
    
    This sky culture is a conglomeration of at least three slightly different cultures from the people of the South-Sami, North-Sami and Russian Sami. Each of these groups have slightly different languages and as such there may be small differences with some references.
    
    Sami constellations can be observed on Sami artifacts connected to the old religion, suggesting that the night sky played an important cultural role for Sami peoples in years gone by.
    
    The Sami sky culture has a lot in common with other arctic and sub-arctic cultures in Eurasia. One unfortunate similarity is that much of the culture was lost before it was recorded properly.
    
    ### Constellations and Stars
    
    The Sami constellations are probably very old but were recorded in writing during the 19th century. In is unclear if the written record is complete. The constellations and stars included here are all connected to the dominant constellation, *Sarva* &mdash; the elk. Sarva is the Sami name for elk, an alternative name is *Sarvvis* &mdash; Bull elk. The origin of this constellation probably dates back to the old hunter culture before reindeer were domesticated.
    
    *Sarva* consists of the Western constellations Cassiopeia, Perseus and parts of Auriga. Constellations and stars surrounding Sarva represent hunters of the elk. *Favdna* (also transcribed as *Favtna*) is the star Arcturus, and represents the Hunter who aims at the elk with his bow and arrow (*Fauna davgge* &mdash; the Big Dipper). Favdna must aim well, for if he hits the Sky Support *Boahjenaste* (the star Polaris), legend has it that the world will come to an end.
    
    Favdna has a number of helpers: *Galla* (Procyon<sup>[1](#note1)</sup>) and his sons *Gallabarneck* (Orion's belt), the "Ski Runners", *Cuoigahægjek* (Castor and Pollux) and "The Runner" (Vega). The Pleiades are called *Rougot* (dog pack) or *Miese-cora* (calfpack).
    
    The Milky Way is called *Lodde-raiddaras* (lit. bird path) or *Jakke-mærka* (lit. year mark). The name used depends on the season. In the sky chart of Johan Turi, one can observe a star *Guovso-naste*, morning star, that can be identified as Venus, but this is not certain as it can also be identified as Altair, a star showing the morning is approaching (similar to Arcturus in the Norse skyculture).
    
    The Sami sky culture does not have a large number of constellations. This is thought to be mainly because of the high Northerly latitude of the Sami people's range. Two factors contribute to this: that the Southern sky stays below the horizon to a large extent, and that the Aurora Borealis is frequently bright enough to obscure many stars.
    
    ### Notes
    
     1. <a name="note1"/>The exact star which represents *Galla* is uncertain. it is probably Procyon, Rigel or Sirius - Procyon was chosen as Galla for this sky culture since Sirius is very hard to spot from the latitude where the Sami live.
hr: ### Izvori
    
    Stellarium Sami kultura zviježđa temeljena je na radu Bo Lundmarka [#3], koji je velik dio svog rada temeljio na spisima Sami umjetnika i autora Johana Turija.
    
    Ova je kultura skup najmanje tri donekle različite kulture južnih, sjevernih i ruskih Samija. Svaka od ovih skupina ima malo drugačije jezike i kao takve mogu se pojaviti male razlike s nekim referencama.
    
    Sami constellations can be observed on Sami artifacts connected to the old religion, suggesting that the night sky played an important cultural role for Sami peoples in years gone by.
    
    Sami kultura zviježđa sadrži mnogo poveznica s ostalim arktičkim i sub-arktičkim kulturama Euroazije. Jedna nesretna sličnost je i i da je mnogo kulture izgubljeno prije nego što je pravilno zabilježena.
    
    ### Zviježđa i zvijezde
    
    Sami zviježđa su vjerovatno jako stara no bivaju pismeno zabilježena tijekom 19. stoljeća. Nije jasno jesu li pismeni zapisi kompletni. Sva zviježđa i zvijezde ovdje uključene povezane su s dominantnim zviježđem, *Sarva* &mdash; Losom. Sarva je Sami naziv za losa, te postoji i alternativni naziv *Sarvvis* &mdash; mužjak losa. Porijeklo ovog zviježđa vjerovatno datira u vrijeme lovačke kulture prije doba pripitomljavanja sobova.
    
    *Sarva* se sastoji od današnjih zviježđa Kasiopeje, Perzeja i dijelova Kočijaša. Zviježđa i zvijezde koje okružuje Sarva zviježđe predstavljaju lovce na losove. *Favdna* (također pisano kao *Favtna*) je zvijezda Arcturus, te predstavlja Lovca koji svojim lukom i strijelom (*Fauna davgge* &mdash; Velika Kola) cija Losa. Favdna mora oprezno ciljati, jer ako pogodi Nebeski Oslonac *Boahjenaste* (zvijezdu Polaris), legenda kaže da svijetu dolazi kraj.
    
    Favdna ima mnogo pomagača: *Galla* (Procyon<sup>[1](#note1)</sup>) i njegove sinove *Gallabarneck* (Orionov Pojas), "Trkače na Skijama", *Cuoigahægjek* (Castor i Pollux) te "Trkača" (Vegu). Plejade se nazivaju*Rougot* (čopor vukova) ili *Miese-cora* (stado teladi).
    
    Mliječna staza se naziva *Lodde-raiddaras* (dosl. ptičja staza) ili *Jakke-mærka* (dosl. godišnja oznaka). Korišteni naziv ovisi o godišnjem dobu. Na zvjezdanoj karti Johan Turi-ja, može se zamijetiti zvijezda *Guovso-naste*, jutarnja zvijeda, koja može biti identificirana kao Venera, no to nije sigurno budući da se može identificirati i s Altairom, zvijezdom koja također ukazuje na dolazak jutra (slično kao Arcturus u nordijskoj kulturi).
    
    Sami kultura zviježđa ne sadrži veliki broj zviježđa. Vjeruje se da je razlog tome sjeverna geografska širina na kojoj je prebivao Sami narod. Tome pridonose dva čimbenika: južno nebo u velikoj mjeri ostaje ispod horizonta te je Aurora Borealis često dovoljno sjajna da zasjenjuje mnoge zvijezde.
    
    ### Napomene
    
     1. <a name="note1"/>The exact star which represents *Galla* is uncertain. it is probably Procyon, Rigel or Sirius - Procyon was chosen as Galla for this sky culture since Sirius is very hard to spot from the latitude where the Sami live.

note: Sardinian sky culture name
en: Sardinian
hr: Sardinijska

note: Sardinian sky culture references section in markdown format
en:  - [#1]: [Stars and constellations in sardinian language](https://web.archive.org/web/20201029082540/http://www.sarabu.it/193_521_news_2863.php)
     - [#2]: [Stellarium Script: Sardinian Constellations Tour](http://www.stellarium.org/wiki/index.php/Scripts)
     - [#3]: [Stellarium Wiki](http://www.stellarium.org/wiki/index.php/Sky_cultures#Sardinian)
hr:  - [#1]: [Stars and constellations in sardinian language](https://web.archive.org/web/20201029082540/http://www.sarabu.it/193_521_news_2863.php)
     - [#2]: [Stellarium skripta: Vodič kroz Sardinijska zviježđa](http://www.stellarium.org/wiki/index.php/Scripts)
     - [#3]: [Stellarium Wiki](http://www.stellarium.org/wiki/index.php/Sky_cultures#Sardinian)

note: Sardinian sky culture authors section in markdown format
en: These constellations have been created by the Stellarium's user *Giuseppe Putzolu*, giuseppe.putzolu(at)gmail.com
    
    ### Credits
    
    The constellations of the Sardinian culture are the result of research done by Tonino Bussu and Marco Puddu
hr: Ova su zviježđa stvorena od strane Stellarium korisnika *Giuseppe Putzolu*, giuseppe.putzolu(at)gmail.com
    
    ### Zasluge
    
    Zviježđa su rezultat istraživanja koja su obavili Tonino Bussu i Marco Puddu

note: Tongan sky culture name
en: Tongan
hr: Tonganska

note: Tongan sky culture description section in markdown format
en: In some circumstances separation of individual star names from &quot;star path&quot; names cannot be resolved. A star may have multiple names 1) if the star is part of numerous star paths and 2) since the naming of stars can differ depending on which Tongan island group it originates from. The nomenclature of stars is approximated based on the limited resources available.
    
    Whilst the most-notable/common stars and constellations (i.e. Orion, Pleiades, Crux) are identified in Tongan star lore there are two notable exceptions. There is an absence of naming of the North star (Polaris: &alpha; UMi). This is peculiar considering the latitude of the Tongan islands and the prominence of this star at certain times of the year. In the event of any northerly journeys from Tonga such an important navigational landmark could not have possibly gone unnoticed. The constellation of Scorpio (parts in, or stars of) are also absent from Tongan star lore. This is surprising since the vast majority of star lore &ndash; globally and Polynesian &ndash; has Scorpio as a central constellation due to it being easily identified and that it is nearly directly opposite Orion in the night sky. [Stellarium would welcome any further knowledge on these two anomalies.]
    
    Common ancestry of Polynesian star lore's is evident in the similarities in the labelling of stars. For example the Pleiades is called Mataliki in Tongan, Matariki in Maori and Makali`i in Hawaiian.
    
    ### Nomenclature
    
    |Tongan term|Designation|
    |-----------|-----------|
    |Humu|Coal sack|
    |Kaniva|Milky Way|
    |Ma'afulele|Large Magellan cloud|
    |Ma'afutoka|Small Magellan cloud|
    |'otu Ma'afu|Magellanic clouds (both)|
    |Ha'amonga|Ecliptic|
    |Mahina|Moon|
    |La'a|Sun|
    |Fetu'u|Star (in general)|
    |Fetu'ufuka|Comet|
    |'Umata|Rainbow|
    |Fetu'u'Esiafi|Falling star|
    |tapukitea|Venus|
    |Matamemea|Mars|
    |Ma'afutoka (same as SMC)|Canopus|
    |Ma'afulele (same as LMC)|Sirius|
    |Velitoa hififo|Rigel|
    |Velitoa hahake|Betelgeuse|
    |Hikule'o|Arcturus|
    |Monuafe|Meissa|
    |Motuliki|Pleiades|
    |Tu'ulalupe|Hyades|
    |Toloatonga|Southern Cross|
    |Toloalahi|False Cross|
    
    **Tongan constellations**
    
    |Tongan name|Designation or notes|
    |-----------|--------------------|
    |Tuinga ika|Part of Orion, belt and sword|
    |Ae e'Uvea|Corona Borealis (*Speculative*)|
    |Fatanalua|Coma Berenices (*Speculative*)|
    |Kapakau'o'tafahi|Cassiopeia (*Speculative*)|
    |Toloa|Belt of Orion|
    |Lua tangata|Castor and/or Pollux|
    |Fungasia|Toliman and/or Agena|
    |Houmatoloa (Toloa, toloatonga, toloalahi)|&mdash;|
hr: In some circumstances separation of individual star names from &quot;star path&quot; names cannot be resolved. A star may have multiple names 1) if the star is part of numerous star paths and 2) since the naming of stars can differ depending on which Tongan island group it originates from. The nomenclature of stars is approximated based on the limited resources available.
    
    Whilst the most-notable/common stars and constellations (i.e. Orion, Pleiades, Crux) are identified in Tongan star lore there are two notable exceptions. There is an absence of naming of the North star (Polaris: &alpha; UMi). This is peculiar considering the latitude of the Tongan islands and the prominence of this star at certain times of the year. In the event of any northerly journeys from Tonga such an important navigational landmark could not have possibly gone unnoticed. The constellation of Scorpio (parts in, or stars of) are also absent from Tongan star lore. This is surprising since the vast majority of star lore &ndash; globally and Polynesian &ndash; has Scorpio as a central constellation due to it being easily identified and that it is nearly directly opposite Orion in the night sky. [Stellarium would welcome any further knowledge on these two anomalies.]
    
    Zajedničko porijeklo polinezijskih zvjezdoznanstva očito je u sličnostima u označavanju zvijezda. Na primjer, Plejade se nazivaju Mataliki u Tonganu, Matariki u Maori i Makali`i u havajskoj kulturi.
    
    ### Nomenklatura
    
    |Tonganski izraz|Oznaka|
    |---------------|------|
    |Humu|Vreća ugljena|
    |Kaniva|Mlječna staza|
    |Ma'afulele|Veliki Magellanov oblak|
    |Ma'afutoka|Mali Magellanov oblak|
    |'otu Ma'afu|Magellanovi oblaci (oba)|
    |Ha'amonga|Ekliptika|
    |Mahina|Mjesec|
    |La'a|Sunce|
    |Fetu'u|Zvijezda (općenito)|
    |Fetu'ufuka|Komet|
    |'Umata|Duga|
    |Fetu'u'Esiafi|Zvijezda padalica|
    |tapukitea|Venera|
    |Matamemea|Mars|
    |Ma'afutoka (jednako Malom Magellanovom oblaku)|Canopus|
    |Ma'afulele (jednako Velikom Magellanovom oblaku)|Sirius|
    |Velitoa hififo|Rigel|
    |Velitoa hahake|Betelgeuse|
    |Hikule'o|Arcturus|
    |Monuafe|Meissa|
    |Motuliki|Plejade|
    |Tu'ulalupe|Hijade|
    |Toloatonga|Južni Križ|
    |Toloalahi|Lažni Križ|
    
    **Tonganska zviježđa**
    
    |Tonganski naziv|Oznaka ili napomena|
    |---------------|-------------------|
    |Tuinga ika|Dio Oriona, pojas i mač|
    |Ae e'Uvea|Sjeverna Kruna (*Pretpostavka*)|
    |Fatanalua|Berenikina Kosa (*Pretpostavka*)|
    |Kapakau'o'tafahi|Kasiopeja (*Pretpostavka*)|
    |Toloa|Orionov Pojas|
    |Lua tangata|Castor i/ili Pollux|
    |Fungasia|Toliman i/ili Agena|
    |Houmatoloa (Toloa, toloatonga, toloalahi)|&mdash;|

note: Tupi-Guarani sky culture introduction section in markdown format
en: Tupi-Guarani is a name given to a family of languages spoken by the indigenous peoples of Brazil and other South American countries.
hr: Tupi-Guarani je naziv skupine jezika kojim govore domorodački narodi Brazila i drugih južnoameričkih država.

note: Tupi-Guarani sky culture authors section in markdown format
en: This sky culture was contributed by Stellarium user *Paulo Marcelo Pontes*.
hr: Ovu kulturu zviježđa za Stellarium uredio je korisnik *Paulo Marcelo Pontes*.

note: Vanuatu (Netwar) sky culture description section in markdown format
en: ### Solar system
    
    <ul> <li>Sun: Met</li> <li>Moon: Mawuk</li>
    
     - Waxing crescent: Mawuk wi - 'new Moon'
     - First quarter: Nail ratuatu - 'it stays straight', meaning that in the sky the Moon appears straight in the zenith in the evening
     - Full Moon: Mawuk ramépép malwia - 'the Moon is like the fish épép malwia' (Platax orbicularis); also Nati tawar - means that when the sun is setting, the Moon just appears above the mountains
     - Last quarter: Numanmel
     - Waning crescent: Numanmel
     - Lunar eclipse: Mawuk ramemes - 'dead Moon'
    
     <li>Venus:</li>
    
     - Morning star: Fétukai
     - Evening star: Kéwita
    
     <li>Jupiter: Karatéi</li> <li>Mahau ramiwuk: 'jumping star', bad omen foretelling someone's death</li> </ul>
    
    ### Stars
    
     - In general: Mahau
     - Aldebaran: Kapaumeta
    
    ### Constellations and deep-sky objects
    
    Note: the English names preceding the local names are here only to help the reader locate the particular constellation in the frame of the Western sky. The actual translations of the local names follow them.
    
     - LMC and SMC: Nowanuman - 'earth oven'
     - Milky Way: Nemrau - 'ash'; also Nuafuganan - less common term of unknown meaning
     - Orion's Belt: Kasulia apam - 'long yoke'
     - Orion's Sword: Kasulia rerparep - 'short yoke'
     - Taurus' Head: Kou - 'pincers used for taking hot stones out of the fire'
     - Scorpion's Dart: Kahaur rul - 'rat', seen in the evening in zenith when it is time to prepare gardens
     - Orion's Body: Kilil - 'traditional fan' made from palm leaves
     - Southern Cross: Suatu kywer - 'four customary ways' connecting four villages with a nakamal; it rises in the evening in March and symbolizes the time when in the nakamal people do temahwa for good harvest
     - Pleiades: Nowaswas Lapnuman - 'young boys of Lapnuman'; also Neperawen Lapnuman - 'young girls of Lapnuman'
    
    ### Names of objects with unknown position
    
     - Mowaimawuk - name of an unidentified star, said to be close to the Moon or to rise close to it
     - Iaiapom - name of an unidentified star (possibly Altair), which sets in the morning in time of preparation of gardens (July)
     - Koraiapom - name of an unidentified star (possibly Rigel), found in September in the morning near zenith
     - Kwankaio - name of an unidentified star (possibly Procyon), rising in February in the morning
hr: ### Sunčev sustav
    
    <ul> <li>Sunce: Met</li> <li>Mjesec: Mawuk</li>
    
     - Rastući srpasti polumjesec: Mawuk wi - 'novi Mjesec'
     - Prva četvrt: Nail ratuatu - 'ostaje ravan', što znači da se na nebu Mjesec uvečer pojavljuje ravno u zenitu
     - Pun Mjesec: Mawuk ramépép malwia - 'Mjesec je poput ribe épép malwia' (Platax orbicularis); također Nati tawar - znači da se, kada Sunce zalazi, Mjesec upravo pojavljuje iznad planina
     - Zadnja četvrt: Numanmel
     - Opadajući srpasti polumjesec: Numanmel
     - Pomrčina Mjeseca: Mawuk ramemes - 'mrtvi Mjesec'
    
     <li>Venera:</li>
    
     - Jutarnja zvijezda: Fétukai
     - Večernja zvijezda: Kéwita
    
     <li>Jupiter: Karatéi</li> <li>Mahau ramiwuk: 'skakajuća zvijezda', loš predznak koji predviđa nečiju smrt</li> </ul>
    
    ### Zvijezde
    
     - Općenito: Mahau
     - Aldebaran: Kapaumeta
    
    ### Zviježđa i objekti dubokog svemira
    
    Napomena: Nazivi koji prethode lokalnim nazivima ovdje su samo kako bi se čitatelju pomoglo da pronađe određeno zviježđe u okviru neba zapadne kulture. Slijede ih stvarni prijevodi lokalnih naziva.
    
     - LMC i SMC: Nowanuman - 'zemljina peć'
     - Mliječna Staza: Nemrau - 'ash'; također Nuafuganan - manje uobičajen termin nepoznatog značenja
     - Orionov Pojas: Kasulia apam - 'dugi jaram'
     - Orionov Mač: Kasulia rerparep - 'kratki jaram'
     - Glava Bika: Kou - 'kliješta koja se koriste za vađenje vrućeg kamenja iz vatre'
     - Škorpionov žalac: Kahaur rul - 'rat', vidljiv navečer blizu zenita u vrijeme uređivanja vrtova
     - Orionovo tijelo: Kilil - 'tradicionalna lepeza' napravljena od palminog lišća
     - Južni Križ: Suatu kywer - 'četiri uobičajena smjera' povezujr četiri sela s nakamalom; izlazi uvečer u ožujku i simbolizira vrijeme kada ljudi u nakamalima čine temahwu za dobru žetvu
     - Plejade: Nowaswas Lapnuman - 'mladi momci Lapnumana'; također Neperawen Lapnuman - 'mlade djevojke Lapnumana
    
    ### Nazivi objekata s nepoznatom definicijom
    
     - Mowaimawuk - naziv neodređene zvijezde za koju se kaže da se nalazi u blizini Mjeseca ili izlazi u njegovoj blizini
     - Iaiapom - naziv neodređene zvijezde (moguće Altair), koja zalazi ujutro tijekom uređivanja vrtova (srpanj)
     - Koraiapom - naziv neodređene zvijezde (moguće Rigel), koja se može pronaći ujutro blizu zenita tijekom rujna.
     - Kwankaio - naziv neodređene zvijezde (mogućeProcyon), koja izlazi ujutro tijekom veljače

note: Vanuatu (Netwar) sky culture references section in markdown format
en:  - [#1]: Project [Vanuatu Sky](http://dominicweb.eu/en/vanuatu-sky/) including Netwar data alongside other languages of Vanuatu
     - [#2]: [Netwar language on Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenakel_language)
hr:  - [#1]: Projekt [Vanuatu Sky](http://dominicweb.eu/en/vanuatu-sky/) uključujući i podatke o Netwar jeziku, uz ostale jezike Vanuatua
     - [#2]: [Netwar jezik na Wikipediji](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenakel_language)

note: Vanuatu (Netwar) sky culture authors section in markdown format
en: This sky culture was contributed by *Dominik M. Ramík*. Web: [dominicweb.eu](http://dominicweb.eu), e-mail: [dominik.ramik@seznam.cz](mailto:dominik.ramik@seznam.cz).
    
    Elders from local communities on Tanna, who contributed with their ancestral knowledge to this project: Jimmy Napip from Ikumhala, Lomai Tain from Ielkes, Sylvano Kapalu from Ipai, Iawilu Naumusapen from Lowkweria, Kasékasé from Imapul, Nausien from Lamlu, Pierrot Nako Yaru from Lowanatom, Joe Natuman from Lowkweria.
hr: Kultura zviježđa izrađena od strane *Dominik M. Ramík*. Web: [dominicweb.eu](http://dominicweb.eu), e-mail: [dominik.ramik@seznam.cz](mailto:dominik.ramik@seznam.cz).
    
    Elders from local communities on Tanna, who contributed with their ancestral knowledge to this project: Jimmy Napip from Ikumhala, Lomai Tain from Ielkes, Sylvano Kapalu from Ipai, Iawilu Naumusapen from Lowkweria, Kasékasé from Imapul, Nausien from Lamlu, Pierrot Nako Yaru from Lowanatom, Joe Natuman from Lowkweria.
